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Romans 3:26 – It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.

In our last post, we discussed mankind’s misconception that God didn’t really take sin seriously, because if he did, we all would have been punished by now. 

Paul refuted that claim by showing that God, in his great mercy, exercised forbearance – he temporarily withheld the punishment we deserved until he sent Jesus into the world as a sacrifice/atonement/ransom for our sin.

The death of Christ proves that the penalty of sin was not eliminated; it was completely satisfied. 

GENERAL SUMMARY:  God clearly displays his righteousness in the gospel dispensation.  He executes perfect justice by requiring the full payment for sin as required by the law, but at the same time he is able to pardon anyone who believes in Jesus.  This gives us a clear picture of God’s mercy and justice being in perfect balance. 

In other words, because Jesus was the atonement (ransom price) for the sin of the world, God can pardon every soul that believes on Christ without violating his perfect justice.

DIGGING DEEPER:  To show his righteousness at the present time:  The ‘present time’ refers to the gospel dispensation which is also called the age of grace.  This age began when Jesus died and rose again, and we are still living in it today.

As Paul mentioned earlier in this chapter, salvation was not a new concept or plan.  Although somewhat obscured, it was an integral part of the Old Testament.  It was in place before the creation of earth:

I Peter 1:18-20 - …you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your forefathers, not with perishable things such as silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without blemish or spot.  He was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was made manifest in the last times for the sake of you…

Paul is explaining that all generations had at least some evidence of the righteousness of God (plan of salvation), but now with the coming of Jesus, it was openly revealed.  We might say that God’s righteousness appeared brighter and clearer when the Son of righteousness arose. 

He might be just:  God is now, has always been, and will eternally continue to be just.  In times past, his justice was not necessarily seen or recognized by mankind.  But now that it has been openly revealed, we can better understand it.  Let’s examine this further.

God’s justice required payment for sin.  What would happen if God just ‘wiped out’ our sentence of guilt and its accompanying punishment?

If God simply forgave sinners without penalty, then justice would not be served; it would essentially be abandoned.  If justice is abandoned, the law ceases to have any authority because the guilty would no longer be punished for breaking it.  This would render the law worthless.

Think of it this way:  Let’s suppose your city has a law that says there is a 10-year prison sentence for arson.  As long as the city continues to enforce that penalty, arson will be rare.  But if the city stops prosecuting this crime, pretty soon everyone will be doing it, because there is no penalty.  They can just burn down their garage or house anytime and collect the insurance money!

So, ignoring our sin is not an option (in reality, it never was anyway, because God is always perfectly just and he can’t change).  Instead, our amazing heavenly Father came up with a way to spare us while still being true to his just nature.  

By making Jesus a substitute for us, God continues to be just and righteous by enforcing the penalties of the law.  Under his plan of salvation, every violation of the law (every sin you or I commit) still produces a penalty which results in suffering and death.  In this way, God upholds the integrity of the law; it cannot be broken with impunity.

The end result is that God proves himself to be true to his own laws while also being a hater of sin, and a just God. 

God’s perfect plan ensures that no principle of justice has been abandoned, no threat or penalty of judgment has been modified, and no guilty person has escaped.  God is just and moral, true to his own self, to his Son, and to the universe whether he pardons a repentant sinner or sends a rebellious soul to hell.

And the justifier of the one:  This is the amazing part of the gospel.  In addition to his justice being perfectly fulfilled, God displays his perfect mercy by providing the sacrifice which his justice required.  Our God, who is perfectly holy and righteous, can pardon sinners and make them innocent in his sight while still maintaining his pure and holy character. 

That has faith in Jesus:  The one who places their faith in Christ experiences God’s forgiveness.  This is in contrast to the one who attempts to depend upon his own works for salvation - that person will certainly fall under the wrath of God.

This passage shows us the breathtaking perfection of our God.  He is inconceivably rich in bestowing his mercy upon us while at the same time he is rigidly inflexible in his justice/vengeance.  The gift of grace and the sword of justice each exercise their full scope and power.  The holiness of God’s nature and government are not only maintained but magnified in this public display.

As for us, we are not only spared from eternal death but admitted into his kingdom as his children!

This is the full discovery of God’s righteousness:  He has a method by which he can show his perfection in both justice and mercy, while still honoring/magnifying his law and saving a lost and dying world.

Hallelujah!

Romans 3:27 – Then what becomes of our boasting?  It is excluded.  By what kind of law?  By a law of works?  No, but by the law of faith.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  In verse 27 Paul is again anticipating and refuting an objection that the Jews would raise if they were with him in person. 

The Jews were indeed the people of God, and as such they enjoyed exclusive access to certain privileges (like circumcision, being stewards of the law, etc.).  They boasted about having these privileges and about their service/works according to the law.  However, Paul has just proven that no one can be justified by works of the law.  Justification can only be obtained by faith in Christ. 

In the remainder of this chapter Paul will show that justification by faith puts a stop to boasting by laying stress not on works of the law (which were the proper fulfillment of the old covenant), but by laying stress on faith, which is the proper fulfillment of the new covenant of Jesus Christ. 

In other words, since all have sinned and all are justified freely by the unmerited favor of God, the Jews have no reason to boast of their own righteousness.

Furthermore, since faith is the true means of justification as opposed to the law, it is open both to Jews and Gentiles.  All people are treated equally under grace; there is no longer and advantage to being Jewish.

DIGGING DEEPER:   Boasting… is excluded:  boasting is excluded for the Jews. As we already noted, the Jews were given to pride and boasting about their exclusive privileges as God’s people. 

Plainly stated, Paul is telling the Jews that a new era has commenced.  Sinners are saved by grace through faith, not by works or by privilege.  This means that the Jews have nothing in which they can trust for acceptance in the sight of God.  The law won’t do it, circumcision won’t do it, abstaining from pork won’t do it, being a descendant of Abraham won’t do it, and neither will the observance of festivals or temple offerings. 

Likewise, boasting is excluded for the Greeks/Gentiles.  They were particularly pleased with (and often placed their trust in) their philosophy, wisdom, learning, self-sufficiency, and authority/power.

But Paul has just blown up the foundation of their pride too.  Since all (Jew and Gentile alike) have sinned and are incapable of being saved by works and since all are dependent upon the mercy of God and the work of Christ for salvation, there is no basis for boasting. 

Not by the law of works:  The law of works is the written law that the Jews formerly relied on.  Interestingly, their boasting was not excluded on that basis, for if they were somehow able to fully/perfectly abide by it, they would have been justified by their own works.  They would have had every reason to be proud if their salvation could be procured by human virtue and goodness. 

The law of faith:  Boasting is excluded by the law of faith.  The law of faith admits that we have no ability to make ourselves righteous in God’s sight.  Salvation is obtained solely by the atoning work of Christ and our faith in his blood.  Therefore, since forgiveness is obtained only by the mercy of God, the door of boasting and pride is shut.

Ephesians 2:8-9 – For by grace you have been saved through faith.  And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast.

Romans 3:28 – For we hold that one is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Based on the arguments Paul has made from chapter one until now, we can be sure that justification in the sight of God is not obtained by works but by faith.

DIGGING DEEPER:  For we hold:  Your translation may say ‘therefore we conclude’.  Paul is arguing that based on the well-reasoned and logical arguments that have been presented thus far, we can correctly and confidently conclude that mankind is justified apart from works of the law.

One is justified by faith:  All who are regarded and treated as righteous by God have obtained that favor through faith in Christ.  

Apart from works of the law:  In general, mankind has a tendency to depend upon our own works to earn acceptance in the sight of God.  But as Paul has logically proven, this is false hope. 

At this point, we are going to take a slight detour in our study to look at a related issue.  Paul maintains that we are justified solely by faith apart from works, however, the apostle James tells us that faith without works is dead:

James 2:26 – For as the body apart from the Spirit is dead, so also faith apart from works is dead.

How can we reconcile these two seemingly opposite statements?  What is the relationship between faith and works?

First off, let’s be clear on one point – Paul and James are not in disagreement.  They are discoursing on two different aspects of faith and works. 

Paul is writing to show that justification in the sight of God happens purely by faith.  Our works could never play a role in our justification. 

James is not writing to reveal how people are justified, but how others (chiefly sinners) can recognize that Christians are justified.  In other words, James is showing that a person’s faith or righteousness is proven by the good works they are naturally prompted to do after receiving justification in God’s sight.    

Despite what you may hear some critics say, there is no inconsistency between the doctrines of faith presented by Paul and James.

Romans 3:29 – Or is God the God of Jews only?  Is he not the God of Gentiles also?  Yes, of Gentiles also…

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The Jews had long believed that they were the exclusive people of God and only they were eligible to receive his favor.  They had a very difficult time accepting the fact that God was opening up his family to include the Gentiles.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Is God the God of the Jews only:  Have you ever heard the phrase ‘national identity’?  A national identity refers to a sense of belonging between citizens that is based on common beliefs, traditions, values and even language.  These factors are an invisible bond that helps holds the nation together. 

Considering the history of the Jewish nation, we can see how they needed a very strong national identity (and the intervention of God) in order to survive.  After all, what other people group experienced national enslavement, escaped enslavement to live in a land inhabited by other strong cultures, eventually formed a monarchy which they subsequently lost, went into captivity, exited captivity, and were disbursed throughout the world but remained a distinct people group hundreds of years later? 

The answer is none!  Without a strong national identity and the help of God, the Jews would have been assimilated into other nations and ceased to exist long, long ago.

The point is that the national identity of the Jews was a strong bond which united them while keeping them separate from others.  This was necessary for their survival as a nation.

The Jewish national identity involved things like the rite of circumcision, the tabernacle/temple, their feasts, and the strong belief that they were the exclusive people of God who were stewards of his law.

God of the Gentiles also:  Every Jewish person was brought up with this strong national identity.  Imagine being part of the generation of Jews who were alive during Paul’s day, who had to let go of that identity and accept a new role – being part of the family of God along with Gentiles.  For the Jew, this was almost unthinkable.

But God’s plans were much, much bigger than the Jews imagined.  Just because God chose, for a time, to have one particular nation be his representative, that did not negate his original plan to admit all of mankind into his kingdom/family.  The time had come to open up the kingdom to ‘whosever will’.   

Thus, we find that Paul’s new covenant doctrine clearly shows that ALL (Jews and Greeks/Gentiles) were equally guilty of sin and equally eligible to be justified by faith.

Romans 3:30 - …since God is one – who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised by faith.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul uses the unity of God (the trinity) to argue that the same God who made both Jews and Gentiles will unite them under himself by means of the same faith and same atoning sacrifice.  There will be one united family of God.

DIGGING DEEPER:  God is one -  God is revealed to us as a trinity.  There are three persons in the Godhead (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), yet God is one in nature and essence. 

Paul contends that exclusion of the Gentiles from the family of God would be incompatible with the very nature of God which is that of unity.  Furthermore, if the God of the Jews is not the God of the Gentiles too, then either there is more than one God or else God is divided.  Since we know neither of these things can be true, we would expect God to allow the Gentiles into his kingdom by the same methods and requirements as the Jews, and that is exactly what we find.

Under the new covenant, God has eliminated all differences between the Jew and the Gentile:

Ephesians 2:13-15 – But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off [Gentiles] are made near by the blood of Christ.  For he is our peace, who has made both [Jews and Gentiles} one, and has broken down the middle wall of partition between us; Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; to make in himself of two one new man, so making peace…

God has eliminated the division between Jews and Gentiles because he desires to create one, single, unified church, which is the body of Christ. 

So we find that neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has an effect upon justification by faith; it is the same God who justifies both, and the means of their justification (the righteousness of Christ obtained by faith) is also the same (Philippians 3:8-9).

Romans 3:31 – Do we then overthrow the law by this faith?  By no means!  On the contrary, we uphold the law.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The Jews might object that the law of faith voids the written law, rendering it vain or useless.  Their question might be phrased this way:  Did the law of justification by faith remove the obligations of the law?  If so, it cannot be of God and should be rejected.  

DIGGING DEEPER:  First of all, we should note that in this passage of scripture Paul is giving his readers a revelation of the glory of the gospel – specifically, the atoning work of Jesus Christ which both pays the full penalty for sin while setting the sinner free by his imputed righteousness. 

The Jews were sure to object that justification by faith makes the law void or useless and our obligation to it is thus destroyed.  Here at the end of chapter three, Paul answers that objection only briefly.  He emphatically denies that justification makes the law void and gives only a cursory answer as to why.  But that is okay, because he presents a full argument/discussion of this topic in chapter six. 

Do we overthrow the law by faith:  This is a question that has been raised over and over again since the gospel was introduced.  Many people have suggested that the law of justification gives people a license to sin; in fact, they believe it encourages sin because forgiveness is guaranteed.  By doing so, it voids the law.

By no means:  Paul very emphatically denies the tendency of justification to promote further sin and to make the law null and void.   

On the contrary, we uphold the law:  Bible commentators disagree on exactly what Paul means by the term law. 

Most believe Paul is speaking of the moral law.  As you well know, the ceremonial law (keeping the Sabbath, temple sacrifices, circumcision) was abolished by the gospel.  However, our obligation to God’s moral law (do not steal, do not murder) is still in effect.  

Others believe that he means the whole law, since Christ was the fulfillment of all the ceremonies of the law.

In either case, the apostle maintains that the law has been abolished as a means of justifying us by works, but in all other respects it still stands; Christians lie under the strongest obligation to both righteousness and obedience.

We will cover this more in detail later on, but for now we can point to the example of Christ.  Jesus honored and respected the law throughout his life.  His death proved that God was determined to inflict the penalty for breaking it.  His suffering shows the evil of disobeying the law, and strongly motivates us to obedience.

Let me offer you some encouragement, relief and strength:

Today’s post reiterates the fact that God’s Son paid the full atonement price for our sin, allowing us to walk away free - released from the bondage of our mistakes and failures.  As a result, thankfulness and love for God no doubt well up within our hearts.  That love overflows and manifests itself in praise, worship and (perhaps more importantly) obedience:

John 14:15 – If you love me [Jesus], you will keep my commands.

John 14:21 – Whoever has my commandments and keeps them, he it is who loves me [Jesus].

I John 5:3 – For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments.  And his commandments are not burdensome.

According to Jesus, our love for him is displayed in our obedience to his commands.  Also according to Jesus, the greatest command is to love God with all our heart, soul, mind and strength (Matthew 22:37, Mark 12:30).  We generally don’t dispute that command, especially when we are mindful of all that God has done for us.

But what about the second greatest commandment – to love your neighbor as yourself?  We often struggle with this command, especially when it involves forgiveness.

In Matthew 18:21-35 Jesus gives us the parable of the unforgiving servant.  Basically, there was a servant who owed his master more than he could pay.  The master ordered him and his family to be sold into slavery to satisfy the debt.  But the servant begged for mercy.  The master ended up releasing him and forgiving his entire debt.

Obviously, we see the spiritual parallel between God and ourselves – we had a debt of sin we could not pay and in his great mercy, God provided a way for us to be released from the bondage of that debt (see Romans 1-3).

But as the parable continues, Jesus tells us that the forgiven servant went out and found a colleague who owed him a negligible amount of money.  When the second man asked for mercy, the first servant refused and had him thrown into prison. 

In the end, the master became enraged at the behavior of the first servant, reinstated his debt and delivered him to the jailers. 

Jesus ends the parable by saying this:

Matthew 18:35 – So also my heavenly Father will do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother from your heart.

Wow.  That is a strong statement.  With that in mind, it’s a good time to examine our own lives and make sure that our love for God is manifesting in obedience to the commandment to forgive.

If we are honest, we will admit that forgiveness is one of the hardest things we are called to do, especially when we must forgive someone who doesn’t deserve it.  Nevertheless, there are many good reasons for forgiving others.

The number one reason why we should forgive others is, as the parable shows, because God has forgiven us. 

Colossians 3:13 - …bearing with one another and, if one has a complaint against another, forgiving each other; as the Lord has forgiven you, so you also must forgive.

Jesus was wronged multiple times in his life, yet he always forgave.  Even on the cross, he requested that those who crucified him would be forgiven for their actions (Luke 23:34).  Keep in mind, he said this while hanging on the cross paying for the forgiveness we now enjoy.  How does that compare to the wrong you have suffered?

Another good reason to forgive others is that it frees you from the poison of bitterness, resentment and even hate (Ephesians 4:31-32) which the enemy wants to sow into your life.  Satan’s only interest in you is to steal, kill and destroy.  Don’t give him the chance – forgive.  By choosing to forgive, you release hurt and resentment and give the Lord an opportunity to heal the damage that was done to you.

Yet another reason to forgive is that forgiveness preserves relationships.  Think of this in the realm of marriage.  If you are continually keeping a record of offenses, it won’t be long until you are headed for divorce.  But where there is immediate forgiveness, the air is clear and love binds the husband and wife together.  This principle holds true for other relationships as well. 

Not only that, mental health experts tell us that unforgiveness robs you of energy and takes a toll on your body and mind, often resulting in anxiety, depression and stress. 

The reasons to forgive just go on and on but let me leave you with this final thought:  We need to forgive for our own good. 

Professional and pastoral advice/guidance can certainly assist you in the journey of forgiveness.  But in the end, healing and release come from our loving Heavenly Father through the work of Holy Spirit.  What seems impossible for you, is possible with him.

 

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Romans 3:22 - …the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe.  For there is no distinction:

Our last post ended with a profound, well documented statement from Paul:  God had now revealed a way for mankind to be righteous in his sight!  This righteousness, which was woven into the fabric of the Old Testament, was completely separate from the law. 

Let’s take a closer look at the righteousness which gives all of us reason to rejoice!     

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul stated that purpose of the gospel was to reveal God’s plan of justification.  Although this plan seemed new, it had been designed before the foundation of the world.  It was just now being revealed to mankind.  

Paul then goes on to show that those who seek justification by faith will be rewarded with salvation regardless of their race, nationality, sex, age, social position, individual history, former sins or any other distinctive factor.

DIGGING DEEPER:  The righteousness of God:  This refers to what we commonly call the plan of salvation; it is God’s way of making mankind righteous in his sight through their faith in Jesus Christ.

It is called the righteousness of God because the plan has its source in God alone.  It is declared to be by grace which means it is the result of divine favor, free and undeserved by anyone.  This distinguishes it from justification by works which is of human origin (and an utter failure).    

Through faith in Jesus Christ:  God’s plan for salvation is by faith in Christ.  Faith is the means by which we can receive God’s pardon and salvation.  

Think of it this way:  Paul has proved that we cannot be righteous by our works.  We need the help of God himself.  By contrast, Christ lived a perfect, sinless life.  He was righteous in the sight of God.  According to God’s merciful plan, when we put our faith in Christ, his perfect righteousness is transferred to us, making us righteous in God’s sight too. 

Scholars often phrase it this way: The effectual cause of salvation (the power to make it happen) is the mercy of God, the foundational cause (the basis for it) is the righteousness of Christ, and the instrumental cause (the tool by which we grasp it) is our faith in him.

But wait… there’s more!  Once we have received salvation, we are entitled to claim the limitless number of promises contained in the bible.  However, many of these promises are conditional – we are required to meet some standard in order to receive them. 

That sounds straight forward enough, but the truth is that while we are saved, we are still far from perfect.  Our service to God is often flawed, inadequate or even defective. 

However, the imperfections of our efforts are covered by the blood of Christ, just as we ourselves are.  In other words, God rewards our works as being perfect, because their defects are covered by our free pardon.  This means that the promises of God (which are conditional) can still be ours even despite our flaws/failures.  It also means that despite our inadequacies, God will bless our works and cause them to bear fruit in his kingdom.  Hallelujah!

For all who believe, for there is no distinction:  Paul tells us that the plan of salvation is for ALL:

• The plan of salvation is sufficient for all. 
• The plan of salvation is equally necessary for all. 
• The plan of salvation is offered to all.   

Nevertheless, there will be individuals who are not saved.  They will spend eternity in the lake of fire with their father the devil:

Matthew 25:41 – Then he [Jesus] will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.’

How can this be, if salvation is for all?  

A careful reading of the text shows that salvation is for all WHO BELIEVE.  So, we find that in order to receive the promise, it must be accepted or embraced by each individual.  Sadly, there will be some who refuse to do so.  Thus, we find that even though salvation is open to all, not all will be saved/justified in God’s sight.

The King James version translates this verse a bit more clearly.  It says that the righteousness of God by faith in Christ is ‘unto all and upon all them that believe’.  The phrase ‘unto all’ indicates that salvation is available to anyone.  The phrase ‘upon all them that believe’ clearly indicates that each person must make a clear choice to both believe and trust in the blood of Christ for the remission of their sins.

Belief - In order to receive the righteousness of Christ, you must have a belief in the scriptural testimony concerning Jesus - that he is the Son of God and the long-awaited Messiah, the one appointed to be the Savior of mankind.   

Trust – There must also be a trust or confidence in Christ as our personal Savior.  This is not merely an intellectual assent; it is a trust that springs from the heart.  It signifies a personal relationship between Christ and the sinner.

Romans 3:23 - …for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

All have sinned:  All humans have been born with the guilt of Adam upon us; that sin is inherent to our nature and we cannot escape it.  From that fallen nature spring sins of all kinds and degrees.

All …fall short:  Though people differ greatly in the nature and extent of their sins, there is no difference between the best and the worst in the sight of God, because even the smallest infraction of the law places a person under the wrath and judgment of God.

Of the glory of God:  Although there are differences of opinion on what Paul means when he says, ‘the glory of God’, he is most likely referring to praise that can be conferred/obtained in this life, as opposed to a benefit of eternity.  That being the case, he means the praise or approval which comes from God:  

John 12:42-43 – Nevertheless, many even of the authorities believed in him [Jesus], but for fear of the Pharisees they did not confess it, so that they would not be put out of the synagogue; for they loved the glory that comes from man more than the glory that comes from God.

No human being (except Jesus) is deserving of the praise of God, for none of us can meet his holy standards.

Romans 3:24 - …and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus,

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul has made it very clear in the first three chapters of Romans that everyone is guilty of breaking God’s laws.  Because of our guilt, we are automatically separated from God and sentenced to eternal punishment/death. 

However, by virtue of the death and resurrection of Christ, mankind is eligible to receive an astonishing gift – justification by faith.  In other words, when we trust in Christ we are judicially/legally acquitted of all charges and therefore discharged from the guilt and punishment that our sin required.  Because of the sacrifice of Christ, we are declared to be righteous before God.  

DIGGING DEEPER:  Justified by his grace:   Grace is the undeserved mercy or favor of God upon our lives.  Although he has every right to punish us, God chooses to freely exercise love, kindness and pardon towards sinners who repent and trust in Christ.  In other words, justification is a gift that is given by the mercy of God.

As a gift:   What do we know about gifts?  The most obvious thing is that they are free to the one who receives them.  It is the giver who incurs the cost associated with the gift. 

So it is with the gift of justification.  It costs us nothing, but it certainly wasn’t free.  Jesus purchased that gift with his own blood.     

Hebrews 9:12 – He [Jesus] entered once for all into the holy places, not be means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption.

Through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:  In the Greek language, the root word translated ‘redemption’ denotes the price paid for a prisoner of war – a ransom.  The idea is that the prisoner is held in bondage or captivity until the ransom price is paid.  Once the payment is received, the prisoner is set free. 

Mark 10:45 – For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.

The metaphor couldn’t be any clearer – mankind is a prisoner of sin, and we need someone to redeem us by paying the price for our spiritual freedom.  That price was paid by Christ Jesus:

John 3:16 - For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.

The redemption or ransom that Christ paid is not weak or minimal.  We don’t have to cross our fingers and hope it is enough to cover our debt.  His blood has the power to liberate us from bondage, captivity or evil of any kind.  His redemption pays the full price for all the evil consequences of our sin.   

Ephesians 1:7-8 – In him [Jesus] we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace which he lavished upon us…

Just to reiterate, the basis for our justification is the free goodness and grace of God.  That justification is made available to every sinner through the death and resurrection of Christ.  We can receive that gift by faith in Christ and his atoning work. 

You may be tempted to think that certain individuals are beyond the grace and mercy of God, but that simply isn’t true.  God can and will bestow the gift of justification on anyone who comes to him with a repentant heart.

The purpose of the gift of justification is to demonstrate the divine justice and goodness of God, as described in the next verse.

Romans 3:25 - …whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith.  This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The free gift of justification by faith highlights the mercy of God.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Whom God put forward:  To ‘put forward’ is to publicly exhibit.  This phrase refers back to the death of Christ mentioned in verse 24. 

The crucifixion was clearly a public event.  Jesus was crucified outside the city of Jerusalem on Passover, when the city was overflowing with Jews from all over the known world.  The witnesses of his crucifixion included his followers, the Jewish leaders, the Roman guards, other prisoners also being crucified, curious onlookers and even his own mother.  Obviously, the ransom payment for our sin was not a private transaction - Jesus was made a public spectacle for the whole world to view.

As a propitiation by his blood:  Propitiation is defined as the act of appeasing wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person.  In the case of mankind’s sin, God the Father is the offended party.  Our sin separated us from him and his favor.  It also brought us under his wrath. 

But through the shedding of his blood, Jesus became the mediator between God and man:

I Timothy 2:5 – For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.   

His sacrifice appeased the wrath of God and opened the way for us to be reconciled to him.  Once we were reconciled to God, the fountain of his favor and blessing once again flowed over us.   

Let’s make sure that we clearly understand this concept.  It would be a mistake to think that God loved us when we were created, but then hated us after Adam’s sin.  Remember, God is immutable; he never changes (Hebrews 13:8).  The truth is that he loved us in creation and he has continuously loved us ever since, even after we allowed sin into the world.  His love for us does not wax and wane depending on our performance.    

God never stopped loving us; we were just cut off from the flow of his favor and love.  Now that Christ has removed the obstruction, the love of God can once again freely flow over mankind; neither the wrath of God nor its effects can fall upon anyone who trusts in Christ.  

Now here is where things get really interesting.  Propitiation is also defined as that which propitiates - an atonement or atoning sacrifice.  The word translated as ‘propitiation’ is the same word translated ‘mercy seat’ in the Old Testament (Exodus 25:17). 

The mercy seat, located between two cherubim, was the place where God’s presence dwelt among the people (Leviticus 16:2, Exodus 25:21-22).  This is why God was said to ‘dwell between the cherubim’ (Psalms 80:1).      

Once a year, on the Day of Atonement, the high priest would sprinkle blood upon the mercy seat as an atonement for the sins of Israel that year:

Leviticus 16:14 – And he [high priest] shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the mercy seat on the east side, and in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.  

The Jews reading Paul’s letter would have fully understood the point he was making which was this:  Jesus is the mercy seat of the New Covenant; he is the propitiation or atoning sacrifice for our sin.  He is the Mediator who establishes a relationship between mankind and God the Father:  

I John 2:1-2 - …if anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous.  He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world.

Now, let’s be honest - the analogy of Paul seems a little odd, because it makes Jesus both the mercy seat where the blood of the sacrifice was sprinkled, as well as the blood of the sacrifice itself.  But keep in mind that a similar double reference occurs in Hebrews 9:11-12.  In that passage, Christ is identified as both the victim whose blood is shed for the remission of our sin as well as the high priest who sprinkles it upon the mercy seat.

The bottom line is this:  Paul is conclusively proving to the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah, the fulfillment of the plan of God for the redemption of mankind that was foretold by the writings of the Old Testament.  

It was important for the Jews to understand that the doctrine of justification through faith was not some new idea that Paul came up with; it was the plan of God from the foundation of the world.

To be received by faith:  Again, the gift of justification made possible by the goodness of God, and the sacrifice of Christ is received by the sinner through faith.

This was to show God’s righteousness:  God’s righteousness refers to his faithfulness in keeping his promise of a Messiah who would ransom us from the bondage of sin.  This righteousness (the fulfillment of his promise) was on public display in the death of Christ.  Jesus was put to open shame so that God’s righteousness would be made known to the inhabitants of all worlds (this one for sure and probably others we don’t know about).

Why was it so important for Jesus to become a public display?

Think of it this way:  Mankind’s natural reasoning says that if we were really under the wrath of God for sin, he would have punished us by now.  Since that hasn’t happened, we are tempted to think that God isn’t really keeping track of our sin.  Maybe it isn’t such a big deal after all. 

Paul informs us that this is not the case.  God is indeed keeping track of our sin.  But in his great mercy, he chose to postpone judgment until Christ came and provided a way of escape, as explained below.

Because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins:   There is no question that mankind sinned and incurred the wrath of God.  But God, knowing that we could not save ourselves, withheld or deferred our punishment (the execution of his justice) until the time when Christ came and could make an atonement for our sin.

The idea is that for centuries God was righteous, compassionate, merciful, good and loving in deferring his justice, but he was never publicly acknowledged for doing so.  However, the public display of Jesus’ death reveals just how merciful God really is – the judgment that was ours was delayed until it could be poured out upon Christ, allowing us to be spared. 

Paul’s comments confirm that Jesus is the ultimate Passover sacrifice.  His blood is the only effective agent for the forgiveness of sin whether past, present or future.

While this makes perfect sense to us and it fills us with joy, that was not necessarily the case for the Jews.  Remember, from the time they were infants, they were taught to trust in the yearly atonement made by the high priest with the blood of bulls and lambs.

It was very difficult for them to change their thinking and make the transition to Jesus being their high priest and his blood being the permanent sacrifice for not only their sins, but the sins of the Gentiles as well.     

Let me offer you some encouragement, relief and strength:

Can we just pause here for a moment? 

Romans 3:21-25 is a profound and glorious portion of scripture!  Stop and read it once again.  What Christian reading these verses doesn’t weep for joy? 

Let’s be honest - all of us were sinners headed for death.  Just take a moment to reflect on the sins, addictions, bondages and other evils that held you prisoner until the blood of Christ came and set you free!  That alone is enough to bring you encouragement, relief and strength for today.

But God’s goodness, love and righteousness don’t stop there.  His atonement covers sins that are past, present and even future.  Although we are committed to walking the paths of righteousness, we will continue to come short of his glory; we will continue to make mistakes. 

When that happens, seek forgiveness through Christ.  Remember, his love for you is not based on performance.  He hates your sin and he will correct you if necessary, but he will always love you and his Holy Spirit will abide with you forever.  One day soon, we will all see him face to face!

 

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Romans 3:17-18 – “…and the way of peace they have not known.  There is no fear of God before their eyes.”

Welcome back to our study of Romans.  In the second half of the third chapter, Paul is pressing home his point that mankind as a whole (both Jews and Greeks/Gentiles) is essentially wicked.  He is mainly pointing this out for the benefit of the Jews.  They were more than happy to admit that the Gentiles were wicked, but they erroneously believed that they were justified in God’s sight because they were his people. 

It is essential that Paul breaks down that lie, so he can lead them to the truth – they need a Savior who can justify them in the sight of God.

The scriptures Paul references in verses 17-18 speak of the ignorance of mankind in knowing the way to true peace and happiness for themselves and others.

Proverbs 1:7 – The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.

Proverbs 3:17 – Her [wisdom’s] ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Since the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom and wisdom leads to peace, we would expect evil people to be submersed in quarreling, deceit, chaos, stupidity, contention and strife.  And sure enough, this is what we find among those who have rejected God.

This overflow of corruption and suffering arises from a void – the absence of the fear of God in their lives.  That makes perfect sense, because when we depart from the ways of the Lord, we have nothing to lead us into life and peace.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Fear of God:   In this case, the ‘fear’ Paul speaks about is not a fear of judgment and hell.  Rather, fear denotes reverence, awe and veneration.  It can be described as a reverential affection for God, which is peculiar to his children.  It springs from a sense of divine goodness, and it manifests itself in a desire for holiness in our hearts and lives.  This veneration is fully implanted within the heart of each person when they are converted or saved.

Because reverence for God springs from grace, it is never found in unbelievers.  Sinners have no regard for the character, authority or honor of God.  If they did, it would restrain their mouths and their actions.  

Think of it this way:  We use a bit and a bridle to control a horse and force it to go where we lead; it is restrained from running wild.  In the same way, fear or reverence for God functions like a bit and bridle – it controls the Christian and restrains us from unbridled sin.  

In the case of the sinner, we find that their mouths and actions are running wild in the wilderness of wickedness, which proves they have no reverential fear of God.

Paul’s reasoning in verses 10-18 shows that all men, if left to themselves, will exhibit utter sinfulness. This sinfulness and depravity can only be overcome by the grace of God in bestowing on us the righteousness of Christ which comes through faith.

Here is a word of caution for all of us:  These seeds of sin are still within the lives of the righteous.  They can sprout and grow at any time, unless we continuously mortify our flesh/circumcise our hearts with the help of Holy Spirit.

Before their eyes:   When something is ‘before your eyes’, it can be plainly seen and identified.  For example, if you were on a walk and you came across a mud puddle, it would be plainly visible.  You would be able to identify it.  You would have the choice of walking around it or stepping into it.

When Paul says the fear of God is before the eyes of the wicked, he is indicating that man has the choice/free will to embrace or reject God.  His moral conduct reflects the choice he makes.  Again, mankind as a whole gravitates towards total wickedness and corruption. 

Whether they want to admit it or not, this includes the Jews.  By no less than six distinct quotes from different periods in their national history, Paul shows that, despite having the oracles of God, the character of the Jewish nation was far from being righteous. In fact, it was just as corrupt as the heathen nations.   

Obviously, there is no way they could be justified by their own works.  Therefore, it logically follows that a Jew could NOT hope to be saved simply because he was a Jew.  He was in the exact same predicament as the Gentiles – he needed a Savior.

Romans 3:19 – Now we know that whatever the law says it speaks to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be stopped, and the whole world may be held accountable to God.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The Jews believed that they were justified before God because they had his laws and commands.  But Paul will show that the very law they trusted in condemned them in God’s sight.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Now we know:   Paul now begins to steer his readers toward a logical conclusion; he is about to make a point which they (the Jews) must absolutely admit/concede.

Whatever the law says:  In other words, whatever is found in the whole of the Old Testament, whether historical facts or commands from God.

It speaks to those who are under the law:   In some ways, the Jews were masters of deflection.  They might object that the writings quoted by Paul concerned only the impure gentiles and therefore did not concern or apply to them.  In order to prevent that from happening, Paul calls attention to the fact that the law speaks specifically to those to whom it was given.  It may indeed speak to all, but it definitely speaks with authority to those to whom it was addressed – the Jews!  

The Jews correctly considered the law to be divine.  Therefore, it was not only the absolute truth, it also carried divine authority.  The Jews also freely admitted (and even bragged) that the law was given exclusively to them.  Given these facts, they cannot evade or ignore or deflect the logical conclusions that Paul brings forth in his letter. 

That every mouth may be stopped:  The argument for the sinful state of the Jews as shown by numerous Old Testament passages was so clear and so obvious that no excuse or objection could be given to the contrary.  The Jews could not deflect their guilt; all rebuttals and objections would be silenced. 

And the whole world be accountable to God:  The Greek word for accountable (guilty) is another technical term associated with a court of law.  It indicates that the defendant (mankind/the whole world) has failed to vindicate or successfully defend himself in trial.  Therefore, the defendant is found guilty of all charges.  Mankind has broken the law and as it stands, he (mankind) will receive the punishment he justly deserves.

Thus, Paul reaches his intended conclusion:   Both major divisions of mankind are guilty before God and are subject to his judgement.

• The Gentiles were proved guilty of sin by actions which violated the laws of nature and of their own consciences. 
• The Jews were proved guilty of sin by the divine authority of their own laws – arguments and historical facts taken from the truth of the Old Testament.

Romans 3:20 – For by works of the law no human being will be justified in his sight, since through the law comes knowledge of sin.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The law is not the protection and shield that the Jews thought it was.  The purpose of the law is to identify and establish the universal guilt/sin of mankind.  This should lead to the understanding that a Savior is needed to justify man before God.

DIGGING DEEPER:  By works of the law:  Bible commentators do not agree on Paul’s use of the ‘law’ in this verse.  While some believe he speaks of moral law, others believe he means the law of Moses.  But realistically, there is a third option – he meant both.

In the mind of Paul’s Jewish audience, fidelity to the law (both moral and ritual/ceremonial) was the full scope of their moral obligation.   Essentially, they would not have made a distinction between the two, like we do today.  Therefore, it would be correct to assume Paul meant both.

No human being will be justified in God’s sight:  We take this concept for granted, but back in the early days of the church this was a very strong, very bold and very powerful statement.  It reflects the absolute universality of Paul’s doctrine – NO ONE will be found to have perfectly kept the law and thus be entitled to the rewards of obedience and justification by their own works.

Galatians 3:10 – For all who rely on works of the law are under a curse; for it is written, ‘Cursed be everyone who does not abide by all things written in the Book of the Law, and do them.’

Since through the law comes knowledge of sin:  Remember, the Jews believed that possession and knowledge of the law guaranteed them justification.  But Paul explains that cannot be the case.

The law brings us a knowledge of sin by showing us God’s righteous decrees and how we have deviated from them.  When the Gentiles were compared to the law of nature and when the Jews were compared to the written law, the outcome in both cases was a clear proof of guilt.  The law was not a source of justification. 

Psalms 143:2 – Enter not into judgment with your servant, for no one living is righteous before you [God].

Once the law shows that we have deviated from its righteous demands, it automatically sentences us to the proper penalty - death.  Obviously, the law itself has no power to save. 

The law does not produce the benefit of justification before God like the Jews believed.  However, it does provide an entirely different benefit – by bringing an understanding of sin, it draws mankind’s attention to the fact that they need a means of justification before God – they need a Savior.

Think of it this way:  We may draw a line that seems to us to be perfectly straight.  But if we take a ruler or a straight edge and draw a truly straight line on top of the one we already drew, it will reveal the crookedness/curvature of the line we thought was straight.  What looked good is now clearly revealed as being faulty.  In the same way, the moral failure of human actions can only be determined by the law of God which proceeds from his own perfect holiness.  

Romans 3:21 – But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it…

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Having spent almost three chapters proving that all men (both Jew and Gentile) have no hope of justification in God’s sight by keeping the law, Paul now offers a solution to the problem – justification apart from the law; justification by faith through the imparted righteousness of Jesus Christ.

DIGGING DEEPER:  But now:  Paul has gone to great lengths to prove, beyond a shadow of doubt, that neither Jews nor Greeks/Gentiles can be justified by the works of the law.  Man’s supposed righteousness is nothing but filth in God’s sight. 

Now that Paul has made that case and proved the guilt of all mankind, he circles back to his original statement in Romans chapter one:

Romans 1:16-17 - For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believes; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.  For in it is the righteousness of God revealed from faith to faith: as it is written, the just shall live by faith.

Paul proceeds to show that God made a way where we could not; he has provided an avenue for mankind to be justified in his sight, while simultaneously fulfilling the full penalty of death required by the law.

That avenue is justification by faith in Jesus Christ, where the righteousness of Christ is transferred to us and the penalty of our sin is transferred to him.  This is the core doctrine of the book of Romans.  Paul will spend the rest of the letter/book fully proving and illustrating this doctrine. 

Paul tells his readers that God has done this (opened the avenue of justification) ‘now’.  ‘Now’ reflects a time frame consistent with the history of the world as divided into periods.  There was a period before the law, then the era of the law, and afterward the era of the gospel (also referred to as the age of grace). 

The gospel era is the ‘now’ that Paul mentions in verse 21.  That age came into being with the death and resurrection of Christ and it still continues today.  It will end on the day when Christ returns to the world to rapture his saints away (Ephesians 1:10, Acts 17:30-31, Hebrews 1:1-2).

The righteousness of God:  This does not refer to righteousness as one of God’s attributes.  Paul uses the phrase ‘righteousness of God’ to mean God’s plan for making mankind righteous.  We commonly refer to it as the plan of salvation. 

Remember, God’s holiness will not allow him to ignore or overlook sin.  The penalty for it must be paid.  In God’s plan of salvation, God can freely justify a sinner who believes in Christ because Jesus has fully met the penalty that the law demands.

Has been manifested apart from the law: 

The method of justification which God has appointed for man is completely separate from the law (natural, ceremonial or moral).  Jew and Gentile alike will be justified by faith in Christ.  This means that now there is no difference between Jews and Gentiles.

Ephesians 2:14 – For he [Jesus] is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition between us…

Now, everyone is simply a sinner who can be saved by grace (yay!).  This concept is normal for us, but it was a real stumbling block to the Jews of Paul’s day. 

Understandably, they had a very difficult time believing that there was no longer a difference between Jews and Gentiles.  This is another topic that Paul will address throughout the remainder of his letter.   

Although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it:  Strictly speaking, the Law was contained in the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Old Testament.  The Prophets generally entails the remainder of the Old Testament.  So the phrase ‘the Law and the Prophets’ is used many times in scripture to mean the entire Old Testament (Matthew 5:17, 11:13, Acts 13:15, 28:23, etc.).

The point is that whether they realized it or not, justification by faith in Christ Jesus was not a new doctrine – it was found in multiple ways and in multiple passages in the Old Testament: 

Habakkuk 2:4 - …the righteous shall live by his faith.

(See also Genesis 3:15, 15:6, Isaiah 53, Jeremiah 31:31-33, John 5:46-47).  Paul will weave these instances into his arguments throughout the remainder of his letter. 

Paul makes this statement with particular regard to the Jews.  He wants them to know that this is not some new belief system that was against the teachings of the law.  Rather, it was the ultimate fulfillment of it which had been declared in their own sacred writings.

Matthew 5:17 – Do not think that I [Jesus] have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.

In other words, salvation by faith was God’s ultimate plan from the beginning!  

Let me offer you some encouragement: 

Hopefully, one of the things you noticed from the third chapter of Romans is that everyone is a sinner.  I admit that isn’t a wonderful, encouraging, feel-good thought. 

Nevertheless, it is entirely essential that each sinner comes face-to-face with the reality that our sin makes us an abomination in God’s sight.  Those who face that realization will instantly be convicted of their sin.  They will repent and eagerly embrace the sacrifice of Christ which leads to salvation.

However, if a sinner considers themselves a ‘good’ person, who isn’t perfect but hasn’t committed any ‘big’ sins, they have no motivation to seek salvation.  Without a true understanding of their sin, they risk an eternity without Christ. 

So as you share the love of Christ with others, don’t be afraid to lovingly tell the whole truth – sin carries a penalty that must be paid either by Christ or by the sinner. 

Let me offer you some relief and some strength: 

As humans, we tend to assign different levels of depravity to different sins.  In our estimation, some sins like ‘little white lies’ are no big deal, but other sins like murder are abominable.  (Of course, in God’s eyes, that is not the case.  Even the slightest infraction of the law will result in death.)

You may have committed a sin that society considers the worst of the worst, but if you have truly repented, you are forgiven! 

Even though you’re forgiven, don’t be surprised to find that Satan comes to you at different times to remind you of what you’ve done and to bring you a load of guilt and shame.  When that happens, give yourself some relief and strength – don’t accept Satan’s delivery!

You know full well that when God forgives you, you are fully acquitted of all charges.  You are completely released from the bondage/incarceration of guilt and shame. 

When Satan comes calling, sing him away with songs of praise and worship to God.  Reject his delivery with scriptures that speak of your forgiveness.  You can also remind him of what his future holds – eternity in the lake of fire, prepared for him by God himself!

Remember, whoever the Son sets free is free indeed – no matter what sin they have committed (John 8:36)!

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Romans 3:9 – What then?  Are we Jews any better off?  No, not at all.  For we have already charged that all, both Jews and Greeks, are under sin…

Welcome back, readers.  In chapter three, Paul is arguing that Jews and Gentiles are equally sinful and both parties are guilty in God’s sight. 

When Paul addressed the sin of the Gentiles in chapter one, he was able to write plainly and openly because the Gentiles were willing to acknowledge the truth of what he said.   

However, as we saw at the beginning of chapter two, Paul does not use that same strategy when he begins to address the sins of the Jews.  Had he spoken plainly of their sin, corruption and guilt before God, the Jews would have become offended and enraged.  They would have immediately torn Paul’s letter up and burned it.

In the case of the Jews, Paul must approach his subject carefully and with great skill, so his message has a chance to penetrate their hearts and minds.  For example, at the beginning of chapter two, he addresses ‘everyone who judges’ without naming the Jews specifically.  By the time the Jews figure out Paul is talking to them, they have already read and understood his point.

We see a continuation of that style of writing here in chapter three.  Paul brings up and then refutes/removes any potential objections to his doctrine on the part of the Jews.  He once again carefully navigates his topic in such a way that the Jews will be compelled to read his entire letter without immediately dismissing it. 

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul raises yet another possible objection by the Jews.  Some of them might argue: ‘Are we not better than the Gentiles?  We have all the outward privileges of God as well as the law.’ 

Paul admits that in regard to these outward advantages, yes, the Jews were better off.  These outward advantages should have helped them understand the gospel message and the idea of justification through faith.  But they didn’t.  So, in an inward, spiritual respect, the Jews are every bit as corrupt as the Gentiles.  Both stand in need of justification by faith.  Therefore, the gospel is just as necessary for one group as the other.

DIGGING DEEPER: Paul is about to continue his argument that both Jews and Gentiles are under sin and void of righteousness.  Consequently, both groups stand in equal need of justification by faith in Christ.

In verses 10-18, Paul will reference several Old Testament texts to make his point.  These passages include Psalms 14, Psalms 10, Psalms 36, Psalms 5, Psalms 140 and Isaiah 59.  Through these different portions of biblical text, Paul shows that ALL (Jews and Greeks) are morally corrupt.  He does this by giving the meaning of each passage, not necessarily by a direct quote.

Are we any better off:  Or, ‘do we have any advantage over the Gentiles’.  This question continues to refer to the subject at hand, which is justification before God. 

In chapter 3 verse 2, Paul asks the question, ‘What advantage has the Jew’ and his response is ‘Much in every way’.  Now, in response to the question ‘are we any better off’ or ‘Do we have any advantage over the Gentiles’, Paul’s response is ‘No, not at all’.  How can this be?

In verse two, Paul spoke of external advantages such as circumcision and a knowledge of the law.  In this regard, the Jews clearly had an advantage over the Gentiles.

But in verse nine, Paul speaks of man’s inward state; the question is whether the Jews are inwardly (spiritually or morally) any better than the Gentiles and if so, are the Jews justified before God?  In this regard, the answer is no.

No, not at all:  As Paul is about to show, the Jews were born into sin just as the Gentiles, so by birth they are no better off, despite their outward advantages.  Furthermore, the Jews practiced sin just as the Gentiles, so by nature they are no better off either.  Paul concludes that the Jews are just as deserving of the wrath of God as anyone else because their outward advantages did not lead them to acceptance of justification by faith. 

In fact, it could be said that in some ways the Jews were worse off because having the law and not living by it aggravated their guilt.  

For we have already charged:  The word ‘charge’ is important.  It is a legal term, used when an accuser brings an accusation of crime against someone else (a defendant).  The term implies that the accuser is prepared to substantiate or prove the charges through facts, evidence, testimonies, and other proofs.  This is critical because the charges must be proved, otherwise they are merely slander. 

In this case, Paul charges that all (Jews and Gentiles alike) are under sin, all are justly condemned as sinners before God, and all are under the curse of death, which is the penalty for sin.  This is the train of thought that Paul pursues to the end of chapter three.

Fortunately, Paul will eventually get to the point that, by the mercy of God, Jews and Gentiles have an equal right to the blessings of God under the new covenant of justification by faith!

Both Jews and Greeks are under sin:  The Jews were more than willing to accept the fact that the Greeks/Gentiles were under sin.  But they could not (or would not) see themselves in the same light.  For this reason, Paul had to ‘charge’ or ‘legally accuse’ them of wickedness and then prove the charges through facts, evidence, testimonies, and other proofs, much as we would do in a modern court of law.

The crime or charge Paul brings against the Jews is that they are just as wicked as the Gentiles.

The first witness for the prosecution is the law itself.  Paul begins by entering several Old Testament passages into evidence.  He uses passages from a number of different dispensations in Israel’s history – the era before the kings, the period of the monarchy, and the time of the prophets (during and after the captivity).

These scriptures testify to the corrupt state of mankind as a whole.  If the facts show that the whole human race has been corrupt throughout the time of Israel’s history, then the logical conclusion is that the Jews are no better than the Gentiles. 

The truth presented by scripture would be impossible for the Jews to simply ignore because they absolutely and unconditionally maintained that the Old Testament carried divine authority.

Romans 3:10 - …as it is written: “None is righteous, no, not one;”

GENERAL SUMMARY:  In verses 10-12, Paul enters several Old Testament scriptures into evidence as proof that the entire human race is guilty of sin.

DIGGING DEEPER:  As it is written: This paraphrase is based on Psalms 14:1-3 and Psalms 53:1-3, which were both penned by King David. 

None is righteous, no not one:  In these two passages, David laments the corrupt nature of all of mankind, and he concludes that none are righteous.

In this passage, God is represented as looking down from heaven upon mankind to see if there were any who feared/respected him and sought after him.  Sadly, God (who cannot be deceived) found no one.  Thus, we can safely conclude that there was none to be found. 

Human history was one long, sad catalogue of selfishness and crime.  There were no redeeming features in humanity.  No one sought after a knowledge of God and his righteousness; there was nothing evident but guilt and corruption.  Hence it follows that the Jews were no better than the Gentiles: 

• No member of mankind is originally righteous - We have all been born into sin and unless we embrace Christ by faith, we remain totally unrighteous and under the curse of the law.

 

• No member of mankind is meritoriously righteous – We cannot claim righteousness through obedience, neither is there any way by which we can earn or buy righteousness; even the most holy among us has nothing of value in God’s eyes:

Isaiah 64:6 – But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousness are as filthy rags…

• No member of mankind is practically righteous – We have no plan, no hope, no chance of ever finding a way to redeem ourselves.  Righteousness and justification are a gift of God provided through Christ; we had nothing to do with it.   

This dashes the Jewish belief that they were righteous before God simply because they were the custodians of the law. 

Romans 3:11 – “…no one understands; no one seeks for God.”

No one understands:  The word ‘understand’ does not denote a mere intellectual operation of the mind; it refers to the state of one’s heart which prompts or motivates the mind to obey and worship God.   

Jeremiah 4:22 – For my [God’s] people are foolish; they know me not; they are stupid children; they have no understanding.  They are ‘wise’ – in doing evil!  But how to do good they know not.

No one seeks for God:  In other words, there is no one that strives to be acquainted with his character, no one who endeavors to know and perform his will or to live by his commands.   It is evident that ‘no one understands’ by the fact that no one seeks God. 

As one bible commentator put it, ‘Empty is the man who does not have a knowledge of God.’  Whatever other learning he or she has (knowledge of art, science, history, etc.) is vain and empty if it does not stand upon the foundation of a knowledge of God.

By contrast, a righteous man counts it his highest honor and privilege to know God and understand/carry out his will.

Romans 3:12 – “All have turned aside; together they have become worthless; no one does good, not even one.”

All have turned aside:  Both Jews and Greeks/Gentiles have turned aside from the righteous ways of God and become mired in sin.

The Gentiles have rejected the law that God wrote in nature and on their hearts while the Jews had forsaken or failed to live according to the law. The departure of both groups from the truth conclusively proves that evil is the natural state of all mankind.

Together:  Together can mean that Jews and Gentiles have become worthless ‘at the same time’ or that Jews and Gentiles have become equally worthless.  In either case, the two groups are united in their rejection of God, which removes all cords of brotherly love and causes men to despise others and seek only what is good for themselves.

They have become worthless:  In the Hebrew, the word ‘worthless’ means to become putrid or offensive, like spoiled food.  In other words, all mankind has become spiritually corrupt, useless and unfit for the purpose they were given – to serve God and promote the good of others.  The Psalmist declares that both Jews and Gentiles are like heaps of rotting meat - they are nauseating in God’s sight. 

No one does good not even one:   Paul’s overall point is that because God is the Father of all, a knowledge of him unites mankind in doing good and loving their neighbors.  But where there is ignorance or rejection of God, people no longer seek the good of others; life becomes ‘every man for himself’. 

In the spiritual sense, no one can do good without the grace of God, the strength of Christ and the anointing of Holy Spirit.  Even then, man cannot do good perfectly and without sin. 

Romans 3:13 – “Their throat is an open grave; they use their tongues to deceive. The venom of asps is under their lips.”

GENERAL SUMMARY:  In verses 13-18, Paul uses a collection of scriptures which speak of the depravity of man at work in different members of the body (throat, tongue, mouth, feet, eyes).  He seems to be making the point that from head to foot, man is full of wickedness.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Their throat is an open grave:  In Psalms 5, the writer discourses on the sins of deceit, falsehood and slander.  Paul uses this passage of scripture as a basis to reprove the verbal sins of the Jews who were false, traitorous and slanderous – actions which prove that the Jews were just as unrighteous as the Gentiles.

This phrase is generally understood in one of two ways. 

The first interpretation personifies an open grave/death as a living entity that has a wide-open throat ready and eager to receive everyone and everything into its dominion of destruction.    

In the same way, the mouth and throat of the liar, slanderer or deceiver is always open to swallow up the peace and happiness of anyone it can entrap. 

The second interpretation says that just as an offensive, noxious or infectious odor would emanate from an open grave, so words of death, destruction and bondage proceed from the mouths and throats of liars and slanderers. 

Matthew 12:34-35 – You [unbelieving Jews] brood of vipers! How can you speak good, when you are evil?  For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks.  The good person out of his good treasure brings forth good, and the evil person out of his evil treasure brings forth evil. 

We might say that what proceeds out of the liar’s heart, passes through the throat, vents in his speech and manifests in his actions.  These deadly thoughts, words and actions are like the pestilential breath of an open grave, bringing sickness, death and chaos.

They use their tongues to deceive:  This clearly refers to sins of the tongue.  God gave us tongues to aid in speech.  Our ability to speak should be used to glorify God and build one another up.  But when mankind is left to his own devices, he naturally uses his tongue for evil – lies, deception, flattery, cursing, slander, gossip, etc. 

Furthermore, Paul is also implying that the conversation, promises and teachings of the Jews have been false and treacherous.  They are liars who speak evil of their neighbors and lead people astray:

Jeremiah 9:5 - And they [Israel] will deceive everyone his neighbor, and will not speak the truth: they have taught their tongue to speak lies, and weary themselves to commit iniquity.

The venom of asps:  This is a reference to 140:3.    

The lips/speech of man have their highest purpose in praising God, proclaiming the gospel and encouraging others:

Hebrews 13:15 - By him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to his name.

But because of our fallen natures, mankind uses his tongue for evil.  The Psalmist compares our words to the deadly poison of an asp or adder, a small snake whose poison is so potent its prey is killed almost instantly.  

The overall meaning is that just as the poison of the asp is rapid and certain, quickly spreading death throughout the victim’s body, so the words of a slanderer/liar are deadly, quickly destroying the peace, reputation and happiness of their victim.  Once the poison enters your bloodstream, it causes irreparable harm and eventual death.

Think of it this way:  Suppose you had a giant bag of snakes, which you decided to open up in a public park.  Once you opened it, the snakes slithered away quickly.  Realizing your mistake, you want to gather them and lock them back up in the bag, but you can’t – they are impossible to find and capture.  Indeed, they have already bitten several people in the park, and those folks are now dying.

So it is with our mouths.  It is in our power to open our mouths and let words out.  But once those words are loose in the world (or in the life of another person), there’s no way to take them back.  They can never be recaptured.  Whatever damage or suffering your words have caused, it cannot be undone.

Is under their lips:  The poison gland of the serpent is located in or near the mouth and the poison is discharged through the fang.  Likewise, the poison of man also flows through the mouth and is discharged through the tongue in the form of speech.

James 3:6 - And the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it defiles the whole body, and sets on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire by hell.

Romans 3:14 – “Their mouth is full of curses and bitterness.”

DIGGING DEEPER:  This quote is found in Psalms 10:7.  Again, the apostle has not quoted the verse literally, but has used it because of the underlying truth it contains.  In Psalms 10, David is describing his bitter enemies.

Their mouth is full:  This denotes the frequency of their sin; since the mouth is full of cursing and corruption, that is what comes out every time their mouths are opened. 

Curses and bitterness:  This may mean sin in general including words and actions.  Alternatively, the meaning may be limited to sinful words such as oaths, curses, and any deceitful or slanderous words.  Bitterness refers to mischievous deceit.

This verse is clearly tied to verse 13.  Scripture tells us that out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks (Luke 6:45).  Therefore, the flattering, lying, deceitful, harmful speech of mankind in general (and therefore the Jews specifically) proves that the whole human race is corrupt and sinful.   

Romans 3:15 – “Their feet are swift to shed blood;”

Paul borrows this phrase from Psalms 10:7 as well as Isaiah 59:7-8.  The former verses spoke of the sins of speech (lips, mouth, tongue, throat).  This verse is dedicated to the sins of the feet.  Since feet are the instruments of motion/action this phrase refers to behavior of wicked men.

The expression ‘their feet are swift to shed blood’ reveals the eagerness of man to commit crime, specifically the crimes of injustice and cruelty. They are pictured as thirsting for the blood of the innocent, and hastening to shed it to satisfy their own vengeance.  They make use of every means in their power to destroy the reputation and lives of the innocent. 

This may also refer to actual murder and is likely a reference to king Manasseh who shed so much innocent blood, he is described as filling Jerusalem with it (II Kings 21:16).

Isaiah 52:7 – How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness, who publishes salvation, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns.”

Instead of the feet of men being blessed because they bring good news or run in the way of God’s commands (Psalms 119:32, Proverbs 1:16), they are employed in conducting the darkest of deeds upon their fellow man.

Romans 3:16 – “…in their paths are ruin and misery,”

This verse can be understood two ways.

First, this could be true in an active sense; wherever the wicked men travel, they bring destruction to the reputation, peace and happiness of others.  This results in calamity, ruin and death. 

In other words, generally speaking, it is the tendency of sinful mankind to destroy the virtue and happiness of everyone they come into contact with.

Second, this could be true in a passive sense; by their sinful ways and vicious course of life, wicked men bring destruction and misery upon themselves.  This is not surprising since they are walking along the ‘broad way that leads to destruction’ (Matthew 7:13), which eventually leads to death of the body and soul in hell.  

Let me offer you some encouragement and some relief: 

In verse 13, Paul tells us that sinners speak words of death, destruction and bondage.  Since we are in close contact with sinners every day, their poison can infiltrate our lives.

It is virtually impossible to escape the poison of corrupted speech – it is found in ordinary conversation, in songs, in cursing and profane expressions, in novels, in podcasts, on websites and in worldly teaching.  And once that poison gets into your system, it causes irreparable harm and even death.

So what can you do?

First, you can combat that poison with the word of God. 

• When an unbeliever tells you that you are worthless, let scripture remind you that you are so valuable to God, he gave up his Son that you might spend eternity with him.  
• When an unbeliever tells you that you will never amount to anything, let scripture remind you that God has an amazing plan specifically for your life. 
• When an unbeliever tells you that you are a failure, let scripture remind you that God has not set you up for failure, but for victory.

Second, you can pray and ask the Lord to break any curses that the words of others have placed upon your life.  It may be that you yourself have spoken failure or other bondage into your own life.  Regardless of the situation, repent/renounce those words and ask the Lord to break those curses in your life. 

Third, look yourself in the mirror and speak God’s words of life and blessing over yourself.  Ask Holy Spirit to help you control your own tongue.

Finally, you can limit your exposure to poison speech.  Be careful what you read, what you listen to and what you watch.  You may find that you need to limit your time with certain people.    

Let me offer you some strength:  

Paul is in the midst of arguing that all of mankind is on the slippery slope of sin, which will eventually result in eternal death and suffering – unless we become justified in the eyes of God. 

The good news is that God has provided exactly what we need; Jesus the Messiah paid the debt of our sin on the cross.  All that we need to do to obtain justification is to repent of our sin, ask his forgiveness and dedicate our lives to him. 

If you have never given your life to Christ, or if you have grown cold in your relationship with him, it’s time to make things right.  Bow your head right now, and pray in your own words.  If you don’t know how to begin, here is a prayer you start with:

Jesus, I am sorry for the sins I’ve committed including _______________.  I’m asking you to cleanse me with your blood and forgive me.  Please send Holy Spirit to live within my heart and help me live my life for you.  In Jesus’ name, amen.

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Romans 3:5 – But if our unrighteousness serves to show the righteousness of God, what shall we say?  That God is unrighteous to inflict wrath on us? (I speak in a human way.)

Welcome back to our study of Romans.  In chapter one, Paul documented the sin of the Gentiles.  In chapter two, he proved that all the external advantages of the Jews were insufficient to justify them in the sight of God. 

Knowing that this truth was going to produce backlash from the Jews, Paul anticipates their arguments and addresses them in chapter three through means of a literary dialogue.

The first objection centered on the advantages of the Jews, particularly that of circumcision.  The Jews believed that because they were God’s people (as evidenced by circumcision, the feasts, the sacrifices, etc.), they would not be subject to judgment at the end of the world.  Essentially, they believed all Jews would be found righteous in the sight of God. 

When Paul refutes this by showing that the Jews would also be judged, the Jews responded by asking this:  If this is the case, how were our privileges a benefit?  What advantage is there in being a Jew?

Paul destroys that complaint by showing that the Jews had the oracles/laws of God.  If the Jews lived by these commands they would prosper physically, mentally, spiritually, relationally and financially.  Their nation would be blessed.  In addition, they would have the honor and privilege of being the people who brought the Messiah into the world.

The second objection Paul addresses goes something like this:  If the unbelief/unfaithfulness or disobedience of some of the Jews resulted in the promises of God being void for all of Israel, then the Jews were still in the position of being no better off for having the oracles of God.   

Paul deals with this objection by proving to the Jews that the unfaithfulness/unbelief of some people does not have the power to nullify the eternal promises of God to those who embrace and believe them.  God is always faithful to his promises and covenants, regardless of what individual people do. 

In verse four Paul proceeds to show that the promises made to Abraham did not guarantee that all Jews would be unconditionally justified before God.  In fact, the truthfulness and faithfulness of God were completely consistent with the fact that some Jews (those who did not embrace God’s truth by faith) would be condemned on the day of judgement. 

In verses five through eight, Paul addresses yet another objection or more accurately a warped and deceitful false belief that was circulating among the Jews.  It goes something like this:

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The more faithless we (the Jews) are, the more illustrious the righteousness of God appears to the world.  In other words, our sin highlights his faithfulness, goodness, favor, justification, etc.  Since that is the case, God would be acting unrighteously if he judges us for our sin/unfaithfulness to him.

DIGGING DEEPER:  This objection appears to have been common among the unrepentant Jews of Paul’s day.  It was so widely circulated that it began to be accepted as true.  For this reason, Paul could not simply ignore it.  It had to be addressed before it gained any more credence.

In order to make his point, Paul speaks as if he were the person making this argument.  But just so people didn’t think he actually supported this view, he made it very clear that he was ‘speaking in a human way’.   

Here is his summary of the Jewish objection:

• It has been established that some Jews did not believe the promises of God.  This unbelief was a sin (Romans 3:3).
• But regardless of their sin, God was still true to his promises; he is sovereign and is not limited by the actions of man (Romans 3:4).
• In a scenario where God is faithful to his promises even in the light of man’s sin, God’s character is shown to be pure, holy, true, faithful, etc.

Thus, the effect of sin was to prove (or highlight or call attention to) the righteous and pure character of God.  This in turn means God received glory from man’s sin.  Since that was the case, how could God punish the sin which resulted in his own glory?  If he did, he was acting unrighteously or unjustly.

Now that Paul has summed up the argument, he proceeds to give a rebuttal in verses six through eight. 

It may help us to know that in verse six, Paul first expresses outrage at such a perverted idea, then he immediately jumps to the obvious conclusion that God could not judge the world if he were unrighteous. 

Once that initial outburst is over, Paul gives more logical reasons for his rebuttal in verses seven and eight.

Romans 3:6 – By no means! For then how could God judge the world?

GENERAL SUMMARY:  God, by his very nature, cannot be unjust.  If he were somehow unjust, then he would not be qualified to judge the world or punish the unbelieving Jews.  Thus, the argument of the Jews is absurd!

DIGGING DEEPER:  By no means: Paul’s first reaction is to point out that the logical outcome of this argument is so ludicrous, it should be regarded with disgust and immediately discarded.

For then how could God judge the world:  God is perfectly holy, perfectly righteous, perfectly faithful and perfectly just at all times.  The Jews acknowledged this.  They absolutely and universally accepted the truth that God is the judge of the world (Genesis 18:25, Ecclesiastics 12:14, 11:9, etc.), and that he will judge it in righteousness:

Psalms 96:13 - …He [God] will judge the world in righteousness, and the peoples in his faithfulness.

Psalms 98:9 – He [God] will judge the world with righteousness, and the peoples with equity.  

Furthermore, the Jews accepted that God is immutable (he never changes):

Malachi 3:6 – For I the Lord do not change; therefore you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed.

Since God never changes, it is impossible for him to act against his perfect, righteous nature.  Therefore, the idea that God judges unjustly is preposterous, and the argument of the Jews is proved false.

But supposing for a hot minute that it WERE possible for God to act in unrighteousness.  If we follow this line of reasoning to its logical conclusion, another absurdity arises.

If it were unjust for God to punish sin because it highlights his own glory, then no sin could ever be judged, and no sinner could ever be punished. 

The end result is that it would be impossible for God to carry out any kind of righteous judgment.  There would be no day of reckoning at the end of time.  There would be no rewards and punishments for mankind, based on their decisions in life.  Thus, sin would become an unrestrained free-for-all with no limits, and God would lose his control of mankind.  Again, this is obviously a laughable scenario and should be disregarded.

Romans 3:7 – But if through my lie God’s truth abounds to his glory, why am I still being condemned as a sinner?

The argument presented here goes something like this:  My utter depravity (lies/sin) only serves to highlight or call attention to God’s righteousness (his truthfulness and faithfulness). 

Since that is the case, why am I judged and condemned as a sinner, when the glory of God shines more brightly when I sin?  If by our unfaithfulness the truth of God becomes more apparent and hence, he receives more glory, then it is unjust for us to be punished as sinners.

Let’s once again remind ourselves that Paul is not speaking personally; he has not been telling lies in order to commend God’s truth and hopefully bring him glory.  Rather, he speaks the objections of the unbelieving Jews or of sinful men in general.

Paul speaks of ‘God’s truth’.  This refers to God’s veracity (habitual truthfulness; that which is in agreement with truth or facts) as it pertains to his faithfulness and justice. 

Paul also speaks of the lies of men.  Lies are the antithesis of truth; they are moral deflections that naturally follow unbelief.

The bottom line is that a lie is the exact opposite of truth.  A lie can never enhance or offer support for truth itself or the God of all truth.  Lies bring confusion, deceit and chaos.  Nothing is more contrary to the nature of God or more abominable to him, than a lie.  Lies are a product of the devil and they are punishable by eternal death:

John 8:44 – You [unbelieving Jews] are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father’s desires.  He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him.  When he lies, he speaks out of his own character, for he is a liar and the father of lies.  

Obviously, God can do anything.  He could choose to use man’s sin to call attention to his glory if he wanted to.  Nevertheless, God’s use of man’s sin for his own purposes cannot be the grounds or the basis for judgment.  Rather, man is judged by his obedience to the law. 

Let’s look at a practical example to help us understand this concept.

Let’s suppose a person was arrested on suspicion of murder and eventually her case was brought to trial.  The judge assigned to her trial may have a reputation for integrity, toughness and fairness.  During the trial, the actions of the murderer might, in some small way, call attention to the honesty, equity, integrity and uprightness of the judge. 

Nevertheless, the murderer’s guilt and punishment are not determined by the reputation of the judge, or the honor of the police who tracked her down, or the goodness of the lawyers.  Her guilt and punishment are determined by the letter of the law. 

The same is true in the case of a sinner whose sin highlights God’s righteousness – it may very well be that God’s glory is occasionally, in some small way, honored by man’s wickedness, but this will never be the grounds on which his judgment is determined.  Judgement is based on the law.

Romans 3:8 – And why not do evil that good may come? – as some people slanderously charge us with saying.  Their condemnation is just.

Paul again shows the absurdity of this point of view, by carrying it out to its logical conclusion. 

If God is glorified by our sin and if, based on that fact, we are not going to be condemned for sin, then we should strive to do all the evil we can!  In this scenario, the more we sin, the more God is glorified!

This is a conclusion so monstrous and so shocking, it was really the only argument Paul needed to dispose of this objection.  Anyone capable of even rudimentary reasoning would know that unrestrained sin was not acceptable to God.

This kind of perverse, twisted logic was also being used as a weapon against the gospel message.  Here is how it worked:

The apostles taught that it was right and proper to glorify God for his provision of forgiveness under the covenant of grace.  This is absolutely true.  God deserves praise and glory for his forgiveness. 

It stands to reason that he would be glorified in proportion to the depth and degree of depravity of the sin which was forgiven.  In other words, if God had forgiven me for living an unbelievably wicked life, in a sense he would receive more glory than if he forgave me for just some minor infractions against his laws. 

The unbelieving Jews twisted this truth and claimed that the apostles taught men to sin as a valid way of glorifying God.  Of course, this was utterly false, but I’m sure it influenced more than one person who was seeking for truth in the gospel message.

We can certainly imagine how such a slanderous lie would damage the spread of the gospel and undermine the reputation of the apostles.  It could have kept people from turning to forgiveness in Christ.  Paul declares that those who went around slanderously perverting the Christian doctrines of grace deserved condemnation and punishment.

Through a discussion of these objections, Paul again corners the Jews into accepting the fact that they have no means of justification before God.  They, just like the Gentiles, are in need of a Savior.

Let me offer you some encouragement: 

Paul addressed a slanderous charge that the unbelieving Jews were making against Christianity.  The practice of perverting Christian views and doctrines still continues today. 

For instance, people sometimes say that because Christians believe homosexuality is a sin, they reject all people who are homosexuals.  Since they have no tolerance or acceptance for others, they are bigots and frauds, and they don’t really reflect the love of God.

Obviously, we recognize that the truth is being twisted by these people.  God loves every sinner, but he hates every sin including sexual sins.  He desires everyone to come to him for forgiveness, but then he requires all of us to circumcise our hearts and live lives of holiness. 

If you were called upon to clarify or refute a false accusation such as this, could you do so?  If not, I encourage you to put some study/thought into these issues, because twisted truth impacts people today, as much as they did back in the days of Paul.

Let me offer you some relief:  

Over and over again, Paul brings the Jews back to the truth that they cannot be justified before God through their own works.  They, like the Gentiles they despised, are in need of a Savior who can justify them in the sight of God.

What about you - have you accepted Jesus as your Savior?   If you still need relief from your sin, you can obtain it RIGHT NOW.  Just close your eyes and speak honestly to Jesus.  Ask him to forgive your sin and to justify you in God’s sight; pledge your life to him from this day forward.

Once you do that, you need to tell someone immediately.  Then get to church and begin to learn how walk with God.

 

Let me offer you some strength:  

As Christians we know that we can never justify our sin by saying that good will come from it.  Yet, there are times in which we might be tempted to do that very thing!  We may think that it’s only a minor sin, that it really won’t affect us or that no one will ever know.  But deep down, we know that God knows!

If at any time we are tempted to justify our sin by thinking that something good may come from it, let’s pause and remind ourselves that sin can never result in goodness and God will never sanction sin for any reason.   Such an idea is completely against the teachings of the bible.  In fact, we are commanded to be holy in every situation we face:

I Peter 1:16 - …since it is written, “You shall be holy, for I am holy.”

There are times when doing the righteous thing will take more effort than doing the convenient thing, but in the end let’s stand in faith and place our trust in God.

 

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Romans 3:1 – Then what advantage has the Jew?  Or what is the value of circumcision?

In chapter one, Paul documents the wickedness of the Gentiles.  In chapter two, he documents the wickedness of the Jews, which actually surpassed that of the heathen.   He proves to the Jews that all of their external advantages (possession of the law, circumcision, the feasts, etc.) were utterly insufficient to justify them in the sight of God.

Paul knows full well that his discourse will outrage the Jews because it effectively strips them of all their peculiar honors and privileges.  He can correctly anticipate the arguments the Jews will raise, because he himself was Jewish and because he had already heard them from other Jews in other cities. 

Therefore, Paul pens chapter three in the form of a dialog or discussion.  He raises the exact questions he knows his readers would ask if they were present with him, and then he proceeds to answer them. 

The first obvious question/objection of the Jews would be this:  If physical circumcision avails nothing and inward circumcision of the heart is everything; if an uncircumcised person who keeps the law is treated as circumcised, then what advantage is there in being a Jew?  What is to be gained by outward circumcision?  Was there any real value in the old covenant at all? 

This is a serious objection because if there was no value in the advantages of the Jews, then God is not who he claims to be. 

If there was no value in circumcision, the law, the Jewish rites, etc., then instead of giving his people a true gift/advantage as he claimed, God really gave them nothing at all.  His promises were hollow.  Consequently, instead of being faithful, generous and true, God is shown to be a deceiver and a cheat who cannot be trusted. 

Of course, we are well aware that God is NOT a deceiver or a cheat.  He is perfect, holy, just and righteous at all times.  Therefore, we can be sure the advantages/privileges of the Jews DID have value and purpose.  This is exactly what Paul tells us in verse two.  

Romans 3:2 – Much in every way.  To begin with, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Did the Jews have advantages over the Gentiles?  Absolutely!  The chief or most valuable of all the Jews’ advantages was having the ‘oracles’ of God.  So valuable was this advantage, that even if it was the only one the Jews enjoyed, it would prove they were blessed over all other nations.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Let’s begin by defining the word ‘oracle’.  It is defined as the communications, revelations and messages delivered by God to mankind. 

These oracles provided rules and guidelines for daily living.  They spoke of what was going to happen in the future.  They served as the final source in answering questions, resolving doubts and ending controversies.

To the Jews of Paul’s day, ‘oracles’ meant the entire Old Testament - the law, the prophets and the Psalms.  These divine books contain the mind and will of God; they are his infallible word.  Through them the Jews had not only the commands of the law, but the promises and predictions of grace, forgiveness and salvation which would flow through the Messiah.

Furthermore, the rites, festivals and other aspects of the Jewish religion bore witness to the laws of God through sight, sound, action, and to some degree through smell (incense, burnt offerings, roasted Passover lamb, bitter herbs, etc).  They too revealed the promises of grace and salvation which would eventually be revealed by Messiah.

What an obvious benefit/privilege this was!  Because they had the law, the Jews had a clearer and more distinct knowledge of God than the Gentiles could ever have discovered by the light of nature. 

For hundreds and hundreds of years, they alone had the opportunity to know God’s commands, to live by them, and thus to prosper physically, mentally, spiritually, relationally and financially.  There can be no doubt that God’s law enlightens the mind/spirit, feeds the soul, sweetens one’s daily existence, and infuses life with hope and joy!  What a blessing!

It was a blessing for the Jews to be the repository of God’s laws.  But their blessings didn’t end there.  They were also blessed to dispense this knowledge to the rest of the world.  Plus, they were the nation through which Jesus Christ the Messiah, the Redeemer of mankind, came into the world!

Romans 3:3 – What if some were unfaithful?  Does their faithlessness nullify the faithfulness of God?

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul has just shown that the divine revelations of God were unquestionably an advantage or privilege to the Jews.  But he now anticipates a further possible objection on their part.  It goes something like this:

Paul already stated that some Jews were just as guilty before God as some Gentiles and they would be condemned on the day of judgment.  If the unbelief/unfaithfulness or disobedience of some of the Jews resulted in the promises of God being void for all of Israel, then the Jews were still in the position of being no better off for having the oracles of God.   

Paul deals with this objection by proving to the Jews that the unfaithfulness/unbelief of some people does not have the power to nullify the eternal promises of God to those who embrace and believe them.

DIGGING DEEPER:  First off, our translation (English Standard Version) uses the word ‘unfaithful’.  The King James Version uses the word ‘unbelief’.  Both are good translations and can be used interchangeably.

Now let’s examine the viewpoint of the Jews.  It was an indisputable fact that God had chosen Israel as his people.  It was also indisputable that he entered into a covenant with them.  In their minds, this implied that ALL Jews would be kept from damnation on the day of judgment.  In other words, based on God’s covenant with their forefathers, they believed that all Jews would be saved. 

However, in Romans chapter two, Paul reasons that in certain respects the Jews were on the same level as the Gentile/heathen nations.  Specifically, they (or at least some of them) failed to believe and obey God.  Consequently, since they sinned, they would be subject to judgment, just like the heathen.  This leads the Jews to again ask the question, ‘Of what value was the promise of God?  Has it not become null and void for the nation?’

Again, we have a very serious implication here.  According to the thinking of the Jews, if they were unfaithful/disobedient and thus condemned, then one of two things had to be true:  Either God neglected to keep his promise to the nation of Israel or that God made a promise he was incapable of keeping.

If God neglected to keep his promise, then he was unfaithful, unreliable and could not be trusted.  If he was incapable of keeping his promise, then he was powerless, weak and clearly not sovereign. 

Obviously, we know these allegations are completely false.  God is faithful, reliable and trustworthy.  In fact, right at this moment, we are depending on him for our very next breath!  Furthermore, we know that God is, without question, sovereign over the universe. 

We find that Paul responds to the possible objections of the Jews by asking them two additional questions. 

Question one:  ‘What if some Jews were unfaithful?’ (Your translation may say, ‘What if some Jews did not believe?’). 

First, let’s address the word ‘some’.  This word does not reveal an exact number.  Bible commentators believe Paul meant most if not all the Jewish population, but that was another hard pill to swallow, so for the sake of argument, he simply says ‘some’.   (The outcome of his argument is the same, regardless of the number of unbelievers.)

More importantly, Paul is ready to allow that there were at least some Jews who were unfaithful to the oracles of God.  In other words, they did not strive to adhere to the laws; they were disobedient to the commands of God. 

Paul is also ready to allow that there were at least some Jews who did not believe in God’s promises, particularly the prophecies pertaining to the Messiah.  (This, of course, led to a disbelief in Jesus as the Messiah when he eventually came to earth as promised.) 

Question two:  Does their faithlessness and/or unbelief nullify the faithfulness of God?

Thankfully, the answer is a resounding NO:

Hosea 2:19-20 – And I [God] will betroth you [Israel] to me forever.  I will betroth you to me in righteousness and in justice, in steadfast love and in mercy.  I will betroth you to me in faithfulness.  And you shall know the Lord.

God is always faithful to his promises and covenants, regardless of what individual people do. 

Think of it this way:  God is both sovereign and omnipotent.  This is important because it means that he is dependent on NOTHING.  He is not dependent upon the decisions or actions of anyone or anything in order to function or accomplish his will.  He can do whatever he deems appropriate at any and all times, because he has all the power, ability, resources and authority to do so.  That’s just who he is.

People can (and do) rebel against him, but that does not affect him in any way.  All that does is place the rebel into bondage under Satan. 

There will always be some faithless people who choose to live in unbelief.  For these people, there is no benefit to having the oracles of God, because his blessings and promises can only be appropriated by faith. 

The important thing is that the unbelief/lack of faith of some people does not nullify the faithfulness of God.  He continues to be perfectly faithful to all his promises and covenants, at all times and under all circumstances.  His word stands forever: 

Isaiah 40:8 – The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever.

Therefore, those who believe and have faith in his promises will certainly reap the benefits of them.  Thus, Paul shows that the Jews did not have to worry that some of them would be condemned because of the unbelief of others.  For these people, the oracles of God were a very great advantage/privilege.

Romans 3:4 – By no means! Let God be true though everyone were a liar, as it is written, “That you may be justified in your words, and prevail when you are judged.”

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The faithfulness of God is so far from being nullified by the deceitfulness and unfaithfulness of man, that man’s unfaithfulness actually makes God’s truth and faithfulness even more evident.  

DIGGING DEEPER:  Let God be true, though everyone were a liar:  Paul is still challenging the Jewish idea that all Jews would be saved, simply by virtue of being Jews. 

He begins his argument by declaring that first and foremost, the veracity (habitual observance of truth; truthfulness, honesty, integrity) of God was a principle to be tightly held.  Any doctrine, teaching or idea that contradicted that premise should immediately be abandoned. 

Of course, Paul included himself in this view.  Every opinion or doctrine that came from him (even those found in the letter to the Romans) was also to be discarded if it was not consistent with the principle of God’s truthfulness.

The logical corollary is that in every case where a difference exists between what God says and what man says, we can be sure that God is telling the truth and man is lying.

Have you ever heard the saying, ‘the truth hurts?’  The meaning is that there are some truths mankind does not want to face, because they are opposite of our own views and opinions.  In these cases, to accept what is really true is painful to us.

That old saying would apply to this scenario.  When God is credited as being faithful and true above all else, mankind is forced to accept the truth, even if it differs from our own views/ideas and even if we find it painful.

For example, God says that marriage is a life-long covenant between one man and one woman.  All sexual activity is to be limited to you and your spouse. 

This is a truth that most people (including some Christians) today don’t want to recognize.  They have all kinds of excuses for engaging in adultery, fornication, homosexual acts, pornography and other sexual perversions.  In their own minds, they have justified every sexual sin imaginable.  Culture and society also give their approval to these actions.

In this difference between God and man, man must accept that God is correct/truthful and he is wrong; his version of the ‘truth’ is really a lie.

Here’s how this concept fits into the current topic:  The Jews were under the impression that all of them would be saved, because they were the chosen people of God.  They thought that having the oracles of God guaranteed their justification.  Paul refutes that claim.  He shows that in some ways the Jews were just as wicked as the Gentiles, and both groups would be treated the same on the day of judgment.  This was a painful truth the Jews did not want to face.   

So, Paul goes on to prove that the truthfulness and faithfulness of God were wholly consistent with the fact that some Jews would be found unfaithful and be condemned on the day of judgment.  Paul does not go into great detail on this topic, but it isn’t all that difficult to understand. 

The promises made to Abraham did NOT maintain that all of the Jews would be unconditionally and absolutely saved.  The covenant implied that the Jews were to be obedient and if they were not, they would not receive the promises:

Genesis 18:19 – For I [God] have chosen him, that he may command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing righteousness and justice, so that the Lord may bring to Abraham what he has promised him.

And of course, it doesn’t take much research to see that the Jews were unfaithful to God many times in their history.

So, painful as it may be, the fidelity, faithfulness and truthfulness of God are completely consistent with some part of the Jewish nation being rejected and lost.

As it is written:  Paul continues his discourse with a reference to Psalms 51, which was penned by King David after he had sinned and been confronted by the prophet Nathan:   

Psalms 51:4 – Against you, you only, have I sinned and done what is evil in your sight, so that you may be justified in your words and blameless in your judgment. 

Let’s refresh our memories of that situation, which is found in II Samuel 12:1-15.  David should have been leading his troops in war, but instead he remained in Jerusalem.  One night he saw a beautiful woman bathing on the rooftop.  He ended up sending for her and they slept together.  Thus, David committed adultery with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. 

Later, when David found out that she was pregnant, he did a number of sleazy things to cover it up.  When none of them worked, he sent a note to the commander of the army and ordered that Uriah be put into the most dangerous part of the battle, and when the battle was fierce, the other army men were to draw back from him, so he would be slain (II Samuel 11:14-17). 

Needless to say, God was not pleased.  He eventually sent Nathan the prophet to confront David and expose his sin.  David composed Psalm 51 after his confrontation with Nathan.

Paul uses this scripture to make a couple of important points.

His first point is that sin does not negate the truth and faithfulness of God.  Long before the incident with Bathsheba, God made a promise to David that one of his own sons would sit upon his throne and that eventually the Messiah would come through his line as well (II Samuel 7:12-17).  And of course, we know this is true.  Solomon, son of Bathsheba, became king in David’s place and eventually Jesus was born of the house and lineage of David (Matthew 1:1-16).    

Though David was weak and sinful, yet God was true and faithful to every single word of promise that he had sworn to him.  Thus, the Jews could rest assured that (as we already noted), the unbelief/lack of faith of some people does not nullify the faithfulness of God.  He is always perfectly faithful to all his promises and covenants, at all times and under all circumstances.  His word stands forever. 

That you may be justified in your words:   The meaning is that God should be regarded as just and righteous when he judged David for his sin.  This does not mean that David sinned for the purpose of justifying God, but that once David was confronted by Nathan, he recognized that his sin was so blatant and so wicked, that God was right in his sentence of condemnation.

In the same way, the Jews should recognize that their sin against God was also blatant and wicked and that God will be righteous and just in condemning them at the end of the age.

And prevail when you are judged:  In a court of law, if one was accused and acquitted or accused and found innocent, we might say they prevailed or overcame.  This is the sense in this passage.  Mankind will accuse God of being unfair or unrighteous, but if the question of God’s unfairness were brought to trial, God would overcome – he would be found pure and righteous in his condemnation of David’s crime.

The overall meaning is that God is to be regarded as right and just in condemning men for their sins and any person who has a correct understanding of God will know this to be true, even though he himself stands condemned.

Again, Paul is establishing a fixed, unwavering principle that God is right and true, regardless of the consequences, regardless of what doctrines must be abandoned and regardless of who is proved to be a liar by it.  This substantiates the truth Paul revealed in the prior verse.  Namely, the truth and faithfulness of God are not negated by the apostasy or deceitfulness of man.

Now Paul will make his second point.  Namely, that the sin of mankind accents or highlights or calls attention to the faithfulness of God.  This was David’s overall thought behind Psalms 51:4.  God certainly had every right to drop the promises made to David because of his gross sin, but instead God is faithful to do what he said he would do.  

Thus, God in his amazing providence, is capable of eliciting praise of his own righteousness even from the sins of man.  God is worthy of praise in all his judgements, regardless of the complaints of mankind.

In the end, the Jews must face the truth of scripture: God’s promises to Abraham did not guarantee that all Jews would be saved.  The scripture clearly shows that the Jews were to be obedient and if they were not, they would not receive the promise of justification.  The Jews will not be saved for mere possession of the oracles of God; the promises must be embraced by faith.

Let me offer you some encouragement:  

The Jews derived immeasurable blessings and advantages by having the oracles of God.  And yet, those of us living under the new covenant in the age of grace have even more! 

Under the old covenant, the only people who were anointed for service to God were prophets, priests and kings.  They had an amazing advantage which the common person would never receive.

But now, under the new covenant of grace, ALL Christians (male and female, young and old, white and black, slave and free) are anointed for service to God by Holy Spirit.

Holy Spirit is the constant companion of the Christian.  He gives us spiritual gifts for the edification of the church.  He leads and guides us along the path we are to walk.  He grows spiritual fruit in our lives.  He reveals the word of God to us, increasing our understanding.  He empowers us to witness for Christ.  He assists us in praying for breakthroughs when we don’t know how to pray.  He leads us in spiritual battle against our enemies. 

There is no advantage like Holy Spirit!  I encourage you to get to know him in a greater way; begin to live your life in such a way that you are depending upon him instead of your own strength and wisdom.  

Let me offer you some relief:  

Later in this chapter of Romans, Paul will conclude that all of us have sinned and come short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23).  Obviously, this includes you and me. 

Satan would love to hold our mistakes and failures before us all the time and make us think that we are now ineligible for God’s blessings.  But as we saw in today’s post, that is a lie!

When he reminds you of a mistake, do what king David did – acknowledge your sin, repent, and give God glory that your mistake does not nullify the promises of God in your life!

Let me offer you some strength:  

In today’s post Paul points out that the unbelief of one person does not have the power to nullify the promises of God to another person. 

For example, if your cousin refuses to believe that God still heals people, their unbelief will keep them from obtaining the blessing of healing.  However, their viewpoint does not make that promise void for you – or does it?

If you listen to your cousin’s viewpoint time after time and never say anything to challenge them, you may just start believing what they say.  The reason for that is that whatever you allow to stay in your mind will eventually take root in your heart, whether it be good or evil. 

So instead of allowing that lie to go unchallenged in your mind, you need to search the scriptures and prove to yourself that God’s promise of healing is TRUTH and your cousin’s word is a lie. 

As Christians, we must constantly guard the doors of our hearts and minds so we don’t leave any openings for the enemy to come into our lives!  

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Romans 2:25 – For circumcision indeed is of value if you obey the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision becomes uncircumcision.

In Romans chapter two, Paul is discussing the spiritual privileges which the Jews enjoyed because they were God’s chosen nation.  These privileges or benefits included the law, the temple and its sacrifices, the feasts (Passover, feast of unleavened bread, etc), and of course the one privilege most cherished by all Jews – circumcision. 

Circumcision is the topic of the rest of chapter two.  But before we look at Paul’s teaching on this topic, let’s take a step back and look at the larger picture of the church at this time.

Paul is writing to the people in the church.  These are born again believers who have trusted in Christ as their savior.  The Roman church was a mixture of both Jews and Gentiles - two groups who had been adversaries for a very long time.

Because of their nation’s relationship to God under the old covenant, the Jews considered themselves special.  While this was true, the Jews eventually lost sight of the reason for their special status before God (to show his love to the world).  At some point, pride took root in their lives and they began to consider themselves better or of greater value in God’s sight than all of the Gentiles.  In fact, they often referred to Gentiles as dogs (Matthew 15:26-27).  This viewpoint became an integral part of their national identity.

As a result, the Jews considered the Gentiles as ‘outsiders’.  They did not associate with Gentiles, eat with Gentiles or even go into a Gentile house.  In fact, when Peter went into the house of Cornelius the Gentile, it was an astonishing occurrence:

Acts 10:28 – And he [Peter] said to them, “You yourselves know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with or to visit anyone of another nation, but God has shown me that I should not call any person common or unclean.”

Meanwhile, the Gentiles had mixed feelings about the Jews.  Jews were often viewed with distain and suspicion because of their unusual customs (like circumcision and dietary laws).  Jews were also viewed as haughty or exclusive because of their monotheistic beliefs and their purposeful separation from the other cultures of the world.   

These historical circumstances created a big problem in the early church.  Although the Jews and Gentiles were all technically brothers in Christ, they were not getting along.  They carried their cultural and religious divisions into the church. 

The Gentiles were sick and tired of all the rules and regulations of the Jews.  They didn’t see any reason to fast on the Day of Atonement, or bring lambs to the temple for sacrifice, or to stop eating shellfish.  They bristled at smug holier-than-thou attitude of many of the Jews.    

For their part, the Jews were adamant that the Gentiles should adopt the ‘privileges’ of the old covenant, especially that of circumcision.  They basically felt that Gentiles needed to become Jews before they could really be Christians.  Some Jewish Christian leaders even erroneously taught that circumcision was required for salvation (Acts 15:1)! 

Given this historical situation and the confusion surrounding circumcision, it’s not surprising that Paul chooses to address this topic in the remainder of chapter two. 

Before we go any further, let’s be clear on one important point:  Holy Spirit had made it crystal clear that physical circumcision was NOT required for salvation (Acts 10:44-48, Acts 15:1-29).  In fact, none of the Jewish rites were necessary for salvation.  Righteousness in God’s sight is obtained exclusively through the blood of Christ.

As we read through the book of Romans, we may be tempted to judge the Jews for their inability to instantly give up the ways of the old covenant.  We may scorn their inability to see and embrace the freedom Christ provided under the new covenant.  We may be tempted to condemn them for their haughty treatment of the Gentiles.  But before we do, let’s pause for a minute.

From the very creation of their nation, the Jews were God’s special people.  It was vitally important for them to be separated from all other nations for a number of reasons: 

• They were the only nation in covenant with God; idolatry could not be tolerated. 
• They were the nation who had access to a greater understanding of God through the law. 
• They were the nation who would display God’s love to the world.
• They were the race through which the Messiah would come. 

In order for the Jews to remain a separate nation for hundreds and hundreds of years, it was necessary for them to have a very strong national identity.  This identity kept them together through the time in Egypt, the years of the judges, the rise and fall of both kingdoms, the exile/captivity and their eventual dispersion throughout the world.  It was fully ingrained in the heart and mind of every single Jewish offspring, both male and female.  First and foremost, they were the people of God. 

Therefore, it is not surprising that the Jews of Paul’s day found it difficult to set aside the Jewish rites.  To think that these privileges or rites could become null and void was something they NEVER imagined.  To make the jump from forgiveness through the blood of the Passover lamb to the concept of forgiveness through the blood of Christ was, for them, almost inconceivable.  It must have felt like treason for them to give up their old ways.  To us it seems perfectly reasonable, but to them it was mind blowing. 

There is no doubt that prophetic events are difficult to understand before they unfold.  The Jews had difficulty understanding the implications of the reign of the Messiah.  We will face the same difficulties as prophetic events continue to unfold in our lifetimes.  For this reason, we should not judge them!   

So, we find that the Jews were bringing all of this baggage into the church with them.  In their minds, it made perfect sense to incorporate the old Jewish rites into Christianity.  When the Gentiles pushed back, it created a rift in the church.   

Left unchecked, these differences would have torn the church apart.  If not for the work of Holy Spirit, the final outcome would likely have been two churches – one Gentile and one Jewish.  But that was never God’s plan.  He always intended for Jews and Gentiles to come together into one united body of Christ:

John 10:14, 16 – I [Jesus] am the good shepherd.  I know my own and my own know me, …and I have other sheep that are not of this fold.  I must bring them also and they will listen to my voice.

Isaiah 49:6 - And he [God] said, “It is too small a thing that you [the Messiah] should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved ones of Israel: I will also give you for a light to the Gentiles, that you may be my salvation unto the ends of the earth.”

In the remainder of chapter two, Paul will show that the most revered Jewish privilege – circumcision – is just like all of the other Jewish rites.  It is not a goal in and of itself; it is an outward physical sign which points to the inward spiritual truth of the gospel.  Its value was not in the act itself, but in what it represented – a change of heart.   

With this background in mind, let’s take a look at today’s text.   

GENERAL SUMMARY:  The final privilege or benefit Paul specifically mentions in chapter two was that of circumcision.  Physical circumcision was the original token of membership in the Jewish nation.  To be circumcised was proof that you were a descendent of Abraham and one of God’s chosen people. 

However, Paul is about to show that physical circumcision was not a ‘get into heaven free’ card.  It was a token or symbol of the spiritual circumcision of the heart required in the gospel dispensation.   

DIGGING DEEPER:  Circumcision is of value:  Under the old covenant, circumcision definitely had value.  It was proof that a man was a descendant of Abraham and part of the covenant between God and man.  It was required in order to be accepted by God and to enjoy all the other rights and privileges of being in the Jewish nation.  Naturally, the Jews attached great importance to this physical symbol. 

If you obey the law:   Circumcision was required if a person expected to obtain righteousness by the law.  But as we pointed out earlier, this path requires perfection.  You must perfectly follow the law every single day, in every single circumstance which is obviously impossible. 

Galatians 5: 3 – I [Paul] testify again to every man who accepts circumcision that he is obliged to keep the whole law. 

But if you break the law, circumcision becomes uncircumcision:  For those who are unable to perform perfectly (that would be everyone), the law is of no help in justification before God and therefore physical circumcision profits nothing.  Paul correctly concludes that Jews who break the law are on the same spiritual level as any uncircumcised Gentile.  

We might phrase it this way:  Circumcision is of no value in obtaining justification before God, because man can’t be justified by his own works.  He can only be justified by faith (Romans chapter one).  

Think of it this way - It is a benefit/privilege to be born in a Christian nation, to have believing parents and grandparents, to be trained in the practical aspects of Christian life, to attend Sunday school, to be prayed over, and to be dedicated/baptized as a baby.  These things cannot justify us in the sight of God by themselves; they are benefits because they put us in a position where it is easier to understand and embrace salvation.

In the same way, circumcision in and of itself does not produce righteousness before God.  It (like all of the other Jewish privileges) was a benefit designed to make it easier for the Jews to understand that spiritual circumcision of the heart was required in the age of grace. 

Romans 2:26 – So, if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the precepts of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?

GENERAL SUMARY:  Paul has just declared that if a circumcised person (a Jew) failed to keep the law, he or she would be no different than an uncircumcised person (a Gentile). 

Therefore, the opposite must also be true.  If an uncircumcised person (a Gentile) was obedient to the moral precepts of the law, then he or she would be no different than a circumcised person (a Jew).   

DIGGING DEEPER:  There are basically two different interpretations of this verse.

The first interpretation says that Paul is posing a rhetorical question.  Those who hold to this theory say that Paul’s argument goes something like this:  IF there was a Gentile who fully understood the laws of God and IF he could keep that law perfectly at ALL times, THEN his uncircumcised state would be considered as circumcision.

The question is rhetorical, because the Gentiles are no more capable of fulfilling the letter of the law than the Jews are.   

The second interpretation claims that Paul is speaking literally.  Their basic view can be summed up this way:  Circumcision was given as a token of one who keeps the law; it is merely a sign that points one to the law.  Therefore, circumcision is subordinate or inferior to the law.  In other words, of the two, the law is the important one. 

Think of it this way – if you were starving and you saw a sign that pointed to a free meal, which would be more important – the food itself or the sign that pointed it out?  Obviously, it would be the food!  In the same way, it is more important to keep the law than to be circumcised.  

Those who hold this view point out that there were at least some Gentiles who were outside of the old covenant but nevertheless came to an understanding of what is contained in it (keeping a moral code, doing what is right).  Though these people did not have the seal of the old covenant in their flesh (circumcision), they exemplified the character and walk of the children of Abraham.  Therefore, their uncircumcision was considered circumcision. 

I Corinthians 7:19 – For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God.

Case in point, Cornelius the centurion:

Acts 10:1-2 – At Caesarea there was a man named Cornelius, a centurion of what was known as the Italian Cohort, a devout man who feared God with all his household, gave alms generously to the people, and prayed continually to God.

The bottom line is that acceptance by God does not depend on man’s external privileges but on the state of his heart and life.  Any person, Gentile or Jew, who believes in Christ and trusts in him alone for salvation, will be treated as righteous, regardless of whether he is circumcised in the flesh or not.   All such followers of Christ will then willingly circumcise their hearts, minds and actions to conform to God’s holy laws.

Therefore, the Jews should not be fooled into placing their confidence in the mere outward/physical token of circumcision.  Nor should they despise the Gentiles who are not circumcised in the flesh.

Romans 2:27 – Then he who is physically uncircumcised but keeps the law will condemn you who have the written code and circumcision but break the law.

Remember, back in verse 17 Paul describes the Jews as people who relied upon their external keeping of the law; they felt secure in sinning against the law because of their spiritual privileges. 

Paul pushed back on that notion.  He clearly states that the actions of any obedient uncircumcised person who keeps the spirit of the law will stand in judgement against the actions of the disobedient circumcised Jew, who enjoyed the benefits of having the written law.  The writer of Hebrews makes this point:

Hebrews 11:7 – By faith Noah, being warned by God concerning events as yet unseen, in reverent fear constructed an ark for the saving of his household.  By this he condemned the world and became an heir of the righteousness that comes by faith.

Noah was not circumcised, but because he obeyed the spirit of the law by building the ark, he will condemn the world.  Scripture gives us other examples such as the people of Nineveh, and the queen of South (Matthew 12:41-42).

The Jews felt they were qualified to condemn/pass judgment on the Gentiles (Romans 2:1), but in reality, the obedient actions of the believing Gentiles would condemn the Jews.  

Romans 2:28 – For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical. 

Now Paul comes to the pinnacle of his argument against the Jewish reliance on their privileges under the law.  The very foundation of their boasting was circumcision. 

William Burkitt’s Expository Notes says it this way: “It was the hardest saying that could sound in a Jewish ear, to affirm, that circumcision which is outward in the flesh, profiteth nothing; for they so gloried in it, that they accounted it equal to the keeping of all the commandments of God…”

All of the Jewish rites and customs (even the name ‘Jew’) were designed as outward symbols of separation from the ungodly world.  Their purpose was to display a holy devotion of the heart and life to Jehovah.  For example, circumcision (the cutting off of the foreskin), was symbolic of mortification of the whole fleshly nature.  The point is that none of the outward, physical signs were of any value, unless an inward, invisible, spiritual change took place.  Once that change took place (as in the Christians at Rome), the other outward signs were no longer necessary.

Jeremiah 4:3-4 – For thus says the Lord to the men of Judah and Jerusalem: “Break up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns.  Circumcise yourselves to the Lord; remove the foreskin of your hearts…

See also Jeremiah 9:25-26, Ezekiel 44:6-9.

Romans 2:29 - But a Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter.  His praise is not from man but from God.

A Jew is one inwardly:  A true Jew is not defined by natural descent or by profession or by the external symbol of circumcision.  A true Jew is one who is separated from the world and committed to devout obedience to the holy commands of God.  The true mark of one who is obedient to God is circumcision of the heart and mind which is reflected in the way they live their lives:

• True servants of God have the law of God written on their hearts, not on tablets of stone. 
• True servants of God have internal holiness, not just external righteousness. 
• True servants of God bear their Father’s name in their inward nature, not just in outward titles.
• True servants of God worship God in spirit and in truth, not just in outward motions.   

In Jeremiah 31:33 God declares that his covenant would be firm and permanent only when written upon the inward heart/mind of each Jew.

Philippians 3:3-4 – For we are the circumcision, who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh…

Circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit:  True circumcision is an inward, invisible change that takes place in the heart.  It is a cutting away of the sinful nature and the rejection of everything that is offensive to God.  It is the purification of the heart from all filthy lusts, evil desires and sinful motivations.  It is a separation from the heathen world, and of consecration to the Jehovah, the Holy God.

It is a circumcision that is performed by Holy Spirit, not the hands of men.

His praise is not from man but from God:  The Jews who lived during the time of Christ greatly desired honor from men.  They attempted to obtain it by being scrupulous in the performance of all the duties of religion (Matthew 6:1-6, Luke 18:10-14, Matthew 23). 

Outward performance of religion may indeed win the praise of mankind, but of what value is that?  It is infinitely better to practice inward spiritual obedience and thus gain the approval and praise of God, who will reward each man according to his works on the Day of Judgment.

Let me offer you some encouragement: 

What circumcision, sacrifices, and the temple were to the Jews of old, baptism, communion/the Lord's supper, and public assemblies to the professing Christians of today. 

Circumcision was a sign which pointed to the cutting away of sin and defilement from the heart of each person.  It was of no use to the Jews unless it was accompanied by a true inward change of the heart.

So it is with the rites of today’s church.  For instance, baptism in and of itself does not save you.  Baptism is an outward sign which testifies to the inward change you have experienced by asking Christ to be your Savior.  Being submersed in the water signifies death to your old nature.  Coming up out of the water signifies being born again into new spiritual life. 

You can be baptized every week if you want, but unless an inward change has been made through the power of Holy Spirit, it is a useless empty ritual.

As difficult as it may be, I strongly encourage you to take a look at the religious rites you perform and see if you are truly pleasing God.

For example, is communion simply something you do once a month ‘just because’, or does it have a special meaning for you?  Do you take it as quickly as possible to get the service over with, or do you desire to linger in the presence of God?     

You might want to examine your motives in worship, the Lord’s supper, bible reading, fasting and other religious activities.  Repent for any imperfections you find, and ask Holy Spirit to assist you in doing what pleases and honors the Father.  

Let me offer you some relief:  

The inward change spoken of in today’s post does not happen by accident.  Neither does it happen in our own strength (whew!).  According to Romans 2:29, it happens through the power of Holy Spirit.

We must work hand in hand with him to circumcise our hearts.  When was the last time you felt him calling you to make a change?  If it’s been a while since you heard him speaking to you, or if you haven’t been actively working to circumcise a part of your heart lately, it’s time you sat down and had an encounter with Holy Spirit.  He is standing by right now to lead you in the circumcision of your heart.   

Let me offer you some strength:  

The Jews were misunderstood and often ridiculed by the Gentiles for their unusual customs and religious beliefs.  As Christians, we should not be surprised to be treated the same way. 

Just like the Jews, we too refrain from many of the accepted practices of the world.  We are committed to serving the one true God, Jehovah.  We live by a moral code that is not common in our society.  The differences go on and on. 

But there is no reason to be troubled.  In fact, Jesus tells us to rejoice and be exceedingly glad when unbelievers speak evil about us or persecute us, because he will make sure that we are greatly rewarded in heaven (Matthew 5:11-12).    

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Romans 2:17 – But if you call yourself a Jew and rely on the law and boast in God…

Welcome back, readers!  Here in chapter two, Paul has given the general principles on which God would judge the world.  The bottom line is that the Jews could no more expect to be justified before God by the law of Moses than the Gentiles could by the law of nature/conscience. 

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul now goes on to prove that the privileges of the Jewish nation which were a source of boasting, pride and glory to them, were insufficient to justify them before God.  In fact, Paul will show that these privileges will actually enhance their condemnation, if abused.

DIGGING DEEPER:  But:  Up until now, Paul has not specifically called out the Jews.  Instead, he has merely referred to ‘those who judge’.  He does this so that the Jews will listen to the arguments he is making.  His hope is that the discourse thus far in chapter two will cause the consciences of the Jews to awaken and convict them for their hypocrisy.

However, Paul now abandons all generalizations and comes straight to the point.  For the remainder of this chapter he begins to speak about the specific privileges and superior spiritual knowledge that the Jews possessed – and misused. 

As we will see, the Jews were guilty of the same sins as the Gentiles, despite their advantages.  Therefore, their greater knowledge ceased to be a blessing.  It actually became a curse - it resulted in greater guilt/condemnation because they did not make good use of the advantages they were given. 

Call yourself a Jew:  Have you ever wondered how the people of the Hebrew nation became known as ‘Jews’?

In the earliest days of the nation, they were called ‘the children of Israel’.  This was an obvious name, since Jacob (the father of the 12 tribes) had his name changed to Israel after he wrestled with God (Genesis 32:28). 

This name was the standard designation for God’s people until the era of the kings.  Under the rule of Rehoboam, son of Solomon, the kingdom split into two parts (I Kings 12).  The northern kingdom consisted of ten tribes.  It retained the name Israel.  The southern kingdom consisted of two tribes – Judah and Benjamin.  This kingdom became known as Judah.  Benjamin was probably dropped from the nomenclature because it was a very small tribe with comparatively little influence or importance.  So, the Judahites, the people of the southern kingdom, became known as ‘Jews’:

II Kings 16:6 – At that time, Rezin king of Syria captured Elath for Syria, and drove the Jews from Elath…

The question is, when did the people of the other ten tribes adopt that name?  All scholars agree that it happened after the overthrow of the northern kingdom by the Assyrians in 722 BC.

Some scholars believe it was adopted as early as the downfall and subsequent exile/dispersion of the southern kingdom in 586 BC.  The Old Testament contains many post-exilic references to the Jews (Esther 4:3, Daniel 3:8, Nehemiah 2:16, etc).  Others feel the term ‘Jew’ wasn’t universally adopted until the height of influence of Judas Maccabeus (167-160 BC). 

In either case, when the Jews found themselves with no kingdom or central government, they needed a way to keep their nationality.  They did not want to be assimilated into the other nations of the world and disappear.   

Consequently, the children of Israel were happy to call themselves Jews because this term identified them as being the offspring of Abraham as well as heirs of God’s covenant.  Plus, it was an added honor because they knew the Messiah was to come from the tribe of Judah (Genesis 49:10). 

Eventually the term ‘Jew’ became synonymous with all the religious favors and privileges given to that nation by God.  

According to the Jews of Paul’s day, it was the highest of earthly honors to bear the name ‘Jew’.  They considered all other national distinctions, even Romans and Greeks, as being far inferior to the themselves. 

However, while there was some truth in that, the Jews carried it to a ridiculous extreme.  They should have been honored to carry the name Jew so they could humbly bless the other nations of the earth by sharing divine revelation of the true God.  Instead, they used the title to justify their self-importance and look down upon others with contempt.  This was only the beginning of their folly.    

Rely on the law:   In this case, the law includes all the rules and regulations of the Mosaic law as well as the writings of Moses and the prophets.  Basically, it included the entire Old Testament.   

How did the Jews rely on the law? 

The Jews believed they were distinguished or favored above other nations by simply being the recipients and caretakers of the law.  Again, there was some truth in this belief.  They were given an understanding of God’s divine standards.  More so than any other people group, they knew what God approved and what he condemned.  They could distinguish right from wrong and truth from lies.    

The problem is that they believed possession of the law gave them an assurance of salvation; they believed it made them acceptable in God’s sight.  Consequently, they again elevated themselves above others.  Anyone who did not have a knowledge off the law like they did was considered to be a dog or a swine. 

Furthermore, it was their belief that possession of the law gave them the liberty to indulge in all manner of unrighteousness with impunity.  According to their belief, they were favored by God, and therefore he would be tolerant of their sin.  What would be a damnable offence for a Gentile would amount to a slap on the wrist for them.  

What they conveniently forgot (or ignored) was the fact that superior knowledge of God’s laws does not excuse the guilt of sin - it enhances it!  Consequently, it also increases the certainty and severity of punishment.      

Boast in God:  Because they had the law, the Jews boasted that they had exclusive knowledge of the true God.  They walked in spiritual light, while other nations were in darkness.  Again, there was a basis of truth in this belief; this is one more example of the privileges enjoyed by the Jews.  

It was absolutely true that at that time, only the Jews had a true knowledge of God.  But that knowledge wasn’t something they earned or discovered through much study, contemplation or thought.  They put absolutely no work into acquiring this knowledge; it was freely and generously given to them by the grace of God, because he had chosen them for his own peculiar people (Deuteronomy 4:7, Psalms 147:19-20). 

So, obviously this was not a reason for them to boast in themselves – it was a reason for them to humble themselves and exhibit gratitude.  God is the sure source of all hope, joy, wisdom and knowledge; to know him and be employed in his service is the highest honor that can be given to any person.  Accordingly, the Jews should have humbled themselves and boasted in God alone:

Jeremiah 9:24 - …let him who boasts boast in this, that he understands and knows me, that I am the Lord who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness in the earth.  For in these things I delight, declares the Lord.

Instead, the Jews boasted in their exclusive knowledge of God’s law.  As if that wasn’t bad enough, rather than sharing their knowledge they took great pleasure in the ignorance of the Gentiles; they had no desire to share the divine revelation that had been graciously given to them.   

They were proud and delighted to be the people of God while all other nations were strangers to him.  They boasted of worship to the true God, while all other nations served worthless idols.

Their actions show what was in their hearts.  Had they genuinely gloried or boasted in the Lord, they would have done everything in their power to share his truths and blessings with other people.  By withholding knowledge of God from others, they proved that their only concern was to boast in themselves and to flaunt their exclusive privileges.   

Romans 2:18 - …and know his will and approve what is excellent, because you are instructed from the law;

Know his will:   The phrase ‘God’s will’ refers to the commands of God as revealed in the law which reflect his desires and purposes for mankind.  These commands revealed what was righteous (what was to be done/practiced) and what was evil (what was to be avoided).  It was the possession and knowledge of this law that separated the Jews from other nations/people groups. 

And approve:   To approve is to distinguish; to prove, test or examine.  The word in the original text is usually applied to the process of testing metals by fire, but it is also used in a general sense of trying/examining something in order to determine its nature or quality.  In this case, it refers to the act of distinguishing good from evil. 

It does not mean that the person who approves of something strives to do what is good.  It only means that they recognize the difference between good and evil.  For example, we might recognize that it is good to feed the hungry, but that doesn’t necessarily mean we are feeding them.  We might recognize that it is evil to steal from our workplace, but that doesn’t mean we aren’t stealing; it only means we know the practice is evil.

This becomes apparent in the case of the Jews - they were so learned in the law that they could pass judgment on the conduct of others, however, they did not regulate their own lives according to that judgment.  

What is excellent:   The root word denotes that which is different from others, or that which excels.  The idea is that the Jews had a knowledge of God which showed them how to walk so as to please him, and consequently receive blessings.  The reference is to the rites and customs of the law, including the dietary laws, the practice of circumcision, ceremonial washings, observance of holy days, temple sacrifices, etc.  Through systematic teaching and practice, the Jews were all well versed in these rites of the law.

Because you are instructed from the law:   The Jews were not instructed in the law in a haphazard manner.  It would be more accurate to say they were indoctrinated into it. 

Beginning in the earliest stages of life, they were taught the precepts of the law in their homes by their parents.  They were also trained to actively observe the law.  For instance, they strictly abided by the dietary laws, they observed Passover and other holy days, they brought sacrifices to the temple, etc.  As adults, their study of the law continued each week in the synagogue.  They had an additional layer of instruction as well - the community at large ensured that adherence to the law was strictly enforced.   

The Jews prided themselves on the fact that they had been taught by the law to make distinctions between good and evil, while the heathen remained ignorant. 

To know was indeed a privilege which others did not have, but the Jews failed once again to realize that divine knowledge becomes a curse to those who do not live by it.  People who know God’s will and fail to do it will suffer more than those who are ignorant.  (Luke 12:47).

Romans 2:19 - …and if you are sure that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness,

If you are sure:   This verse continues the thought from verse 18.  Because the Jews were so well schooled in the precepts of the law, they were fully confident that their knowledge of right and wrong was superior to all other people.  They were completely sure that God was the author of all their religious institutions and rites and their religion was appointed from him.

This belief led to the assumption that they had the ability to direct the lives of others, especially by assisting proselytes/converts to the faith.  And of course, they were right – but they didn’t use this privilege wisely.

Instead of truly assisting those who sought to know Jehovah, they piled difficult and useless burdens upon them.  They trained converts to be as wicked and prideful as themselves.  Instead of being excited that a heathen had come to know the Lord, they gloried in the number of converts ‘they’ had won.

Matthew 15:15 – Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!  For you travel across sea and land to make a single proselyte, and when he becomes a proselyte, you make him twice as much a child of hell as yourselves.   

You yourself are a guide to the blind:   ‘Guiding the blind’ is a figurative expression which means to teach or instruct the ignorant.  The ‘blind’ are clearly the Gentiles, who did not have a knowledge of the laws of God.  The Jews had long considered themselves qualified to instruct the heathen and not surprisingly, they were proud of it (Matthew 15:14, Matthew 23:16).

A light to those in darkness:   As you are well aware, the term ‘light’ is a figurative expression which means a teacher or to teach (Isaiah 49:6, John 1:4-5, 8-9).  This is opposed to ‘darkness’ which denotes ignorance (Matthew 4:16).  Specifically, the Jews had the knowledge and opportunity to share their spiritual light with the Gentiles, who were walking in complete spiritual darkness.   

There is some disagreement as to whether Paul is referring to all the Jewish people in verses 18-19, or particularly the leaders/doctors/teachers of the law.  What do you think?  

Romans 2:20 - …an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of children, having in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth –

Instructor of the foolish:  In scripture, the term ‘foolish’ has two distinct meanings – those who are wicked and those who are ignorant or void of understanding.  In this case, the latter definition applies.

• If Paul is addressing all of the Jews in verses 18-19, then the foolish are the Gentiles.
• If Paul is only addressing the doctors/teachers of the Jewish law in verses 18-19, then the foolish may either be the Gentiles or the common Jews.

In either case, the Jews believed they were well qualified to teach spiritual matters to the unlearned.     

Teacher of children:  This has the same meaning as the phrase above.  Just as an adult teacher would instruct a child in the basics of life (reading, writing, cooking, etc), so the Jews felt they were qualified to teach the Gentiles on spiritual matters. 

Aside from their prideful attitude, there was yet another issue with the Jews teaching spiritual truth to the Gentiles – they taught facts, but not true obedience of the heart.  If you think about it, this makes perfect sense.  Teachers can only teach what they know.  Since the Jews as a whole were only concerned with the outward practice of the law, that was the only knowledge they could impart to others.

The embodiment:  The word translated ‘embodiment’ denotes the appearance of an object.  We might also use the term model, pattern or picture.  In fact, it can even mean to have a mental picture of something. 

If you are home right now, just look at one of the photographs you have on display.  If you are not home, close your eyes and get a mental picture of that photograph.  The photograph is an embodiment of the person in the picture. 

The main thing we want to know about an embodiment is that it focuses on external appearance rather than on what is internal and invisible. 

When Paul states that the Jews have an embodiment or form of the truth in the law, he is saying that in their teaching they retained a picture or model of the true doctrines of the Old Testament.  They had a correct representation of truth as defined under the law.

However, while Paul concedes that the Jews did indeed have a superior knowledge of the law and commands of God, he will go on to show that they had abused their stewardship of this truth. 

Instead of embracing and exercising the knowledge they had (being a doer of the law and not a hearer only), they simply took it for granted that their knowledge alone would excuse their behavior.  They did not allow the law to change the internal, invisible parts of themselves – their hearts.    

Of knowledge and truth:  There is some disagreement over the words ‘truth and knowledge’. 

• Some bible commentators believe that truth refers to what should be believed while knowledge refers to morals/outward conduct. 
• Others believe the two words are used together signify the fullness of the law. 
• There are also those who believe the two separate words should be put together as in ‘true knowledge’. 

In the end, the exact definition does not change Paul’s point, which is this:  In the mind of the Jews, they alone possessed true knowledge; they were God’s chosen/favorite people.  They were the stewards of everything that was worthy to be learned – the system of eternal truth derived from the law.  Any nation who wanted this truth, had to get it from them.

Yet again, we must point out that this is true – the Jews were the representatives of God on earth at that time.  But they were a very corrupt representation because they did not act in a manner worthy of a people who had been given such distinguished advantages.   

Romans 2:21-22 - …you then who teach others, do you not teach yourself?  While you preach against stealing, do you steal?  You who say that one must not commit adultery, do you commit adultery?  You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Now Paul gets down to real life.  He is calling attention to the discrepancy between what the Jews taught from the law (do not steal) with their actual outward actions (stealing).  Paul is not implying that ALL Jews were thieves and adulterers, he is simply pointing out that the Jews did not practice what they preached. 

DIGGING DEEPER:  Paul mentions several specific sins in the next few verses, probably because these sins were prevalent among the Jews at this particular time.     

Stealing:  There is some evidence (both historical and biblical) to suggest that the Jews were known to steal items from the temples of idols.  Case in point, in Acts 19 Paul and his companions had apparently been accused of just such a crime.  We know this because the town clerk at Ephesus declared them innocent of the charge:

Acts 19:37 – For you [the rioters at Ephesus] have brought here these men, who are neither robbers of temples, nor yet blasphemers of your goddess.

The implication is that Jews were known to steal from temples.  This practice many not have been common, but at the very least there were several notorious instances.  These offences were mostly attributed to Jewish zealots who stole from the temples of idols as part of their profession of hating idolatry.      

However, there are a couple of obvious problems with this practice.  First off, the law clearly prohibits stealing (Exodus 20:15).  Second, according to the law in Deuteronomy 7, if a Jew had control over an idol and/or its altar, both were to be utterly destroyed and burned with fire.  But this does not seem to be the outcome of the temple thievery during Paul’s day.  Instead, the items were kept or sold for personal gain.  Greed seems to have been the motivating factor, rather than religious zeal. 

Adultery:  Adultery can be taken in a literal or spiritual sense.  Spiritually speaking, the scriptures compare man’s relationship to God as a marriage with God as the husband and mankind as the wife.  When man is unfaithful to God, it is referred to as adultery (Isaiah 57:3, Hosea 3:1, etc). 

However, Paul is most likely referring to literal sexual sins which were very common during this time in Israel’s history.

Idolatry/robbing temples:   Paul could not accuse the Jews of idolatry in its strictest sense (bowing down before an image or attributing divine actions to it).  Even though it was a besetting sin in their past, the nation as a whole had been free of this crime since the Babylonish captivity.  But they were guilty of idolatry in a different sense.

Let’s take a closer look.  Our translation says, ‘Do you rob temples’ while other translations say, ‘Do you commit sacrilege’.  Practically speaking, these amount to the same thing.    

Sacrilege is the crime of violating or profaning sacred things.  It includes taking things that are sacred (set apart for holy uses) and using them for common purposes.  For example, if one of the temple priests took a handful of incense from the temple and burned it at his own home, that would sacrilege.   

Idolatry is a form of robbing God.  It happens when people take what rightfully should be given to God (glory, honor, service, worship, money, lambs/sacrifices, etc) and use it for other purposes or give it to something other than the Lord.  For example. if a family had an animal that should be given to God as a sacrifice but they sold it instead, that would be robbing God.  

Thus, idolatry and sacrilege are intertwined - all idolatry is a form of sacrilege.        

This kind of sacrilege/idolatry is well documented in secular history (Josephus) as well as the prophets.  For example, the Jews were prone to withholding tithes and offerings from the temple and/or offering imperfect animals as sacrifices (Malachi 1:8, 12-14, 3:8-9).  Examples of sacrilege/idolatry are also found in the New Testament as well.  For example, the Jews were using the temple to line their own pockets by selling merchandise there (Luke 19:45-46).

The bottom line is this:  The Jews may not have been bowing down before golden calves any more, but they were still guilty of idolatry.  They professed to condemn this practice and they judged the Gentiles for it, yet they themselves were guilty of the same offence.

Romans 2:23-24 – You who boast in the law dishonor God by breaking the law.  For, as it is written, “The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”

GENERAL SUMMARY:  This verse is an answer to the rhetorical questions just posed in the prior verses.  Paul’s unmistakable point is that the Jews, who boasted in the law, were guilty of breaking that same law.  In so doing, they dishonored God before the Gentile world.  Jehovah is perfect, holy, merciful and omnipotent, but the Jews painted a picture of him as cruel, proud, unfair and inept.  Why would the Gentiles want to serve a God like that?   

DIGGING DEEPER:  You who boast in the law:  Men do not boast about things they have no regard for.  Therefore, by boasting in the law, the Jews proclaimed their conviction that it was from God and that it had great value.

Dishonor God by breaking the law:   The old saying holds true - actions speak louder than words.  God is glorified by good works, but dishonored by evil ones.  His authority as the law giver is despised by those who sin or walk in disobedience.  So, regardless of what they proclaimed, the Jews consistently dishonored God by breaking the law.   

The Jews proclaimed themselves as the representatives of God on earth.  When they practiced deceit and duplicity, the Gentiles ascribed these same characteristics to God.  When the Jews stole (took what did not belong to them) or practiced adultery (unfaithfulness) or practiced sacrilege (wrongful appropriation of services and goods), the Gentiles naturally assumed that Jehovah could be expected to exhibit the same traits. 

Furthermore, these actions cast doubt upon God’s omniscience and omnipotence.  The Gentiles felt that if God was really cognizant of all things, he would take notice of the sins of the Jews and if he were really sovereign, he would punish their misdeeds.  (Keep in mind, the Gentiles knew nothing of God’s final day of judgment or of his longsuffering which allows time for repentance.)

Therefore, the sins of the Jews dishonored and blasphemed the name and character of the one true God in front of the heathen, who did not know him (II Samuel 12:14, Ezekiel 36:20, 23).  Why would the Gentiles want to serve a God like that?  How was he any different than the false idols they already served?

It was a monstrous thing for the very group of people who derived their glory, blessings and privileges from God to turn around and disgrace his holy name.

Let me offer you some encouragement:  

In today’s post, we noted that there was a time when the Jews felt it was the highest of earthly honors to bear the name ‘Jew’.  We might say the same ourselves – it is the highest earthly honor to bear the name ‘Christian’. 

What greater honor could be bestowed upon us than to be a child of the Most High God?  What greater pleasure could there be than to have a relationship with him?  To understand his ways, to live in his mercy and to be in his active service?  

Take a few minutes and dwell on the riches and benefits of being a Christian.  I know you will walk away from this post feeling honored to be called by that name.   

Let me offer you some relief and strength:  

When you bear the name ‘Christian’, you bear some responsibilities as well. 

Just like the Jews during the era of the law, we are to demonstrate Christ to the unbelievers.  We are to be as much like Christ in thoughts, motivations and actions as we can be; we are Christ’s representatives here on earth.   

In some ways that’s a scary thought!  But fortunately for us, God has not just left us to do this in our own strength.  He has given us the gift of Holy Spirit.  If you are a Christian, Holy Spirit is already living in your heart.  He has already ‘sealed’ you for the day of redemption and he is already at work in your life growing spiritual fruit, convicting you of sin and other important things.

But know this – there is another level of power available to you through his ministry.  This power will help you as you demonstrate the love of God to unbelievers.  It is commonly referred to as the baptism of Holy Spirit, and it is available to you, right now. 

If you have not prayed to receive this baptism, I strongly encourage you to search the scriptures on this topic and seek this gift.    

If you already have this gift, I encourage you to make full use of it.  Speak in your heavenly language on a regular basis.  Listen to the voice of the Spirit as he leads you to specific people who need to see and understand his love.  Earnestly seek one of the additional spiritual gifts available for our use here on earth (I Corinthians 14). 

God want’s us to walk in victory and that is possible with the help of Holy Spirit!

 

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Romans 2:12 – For all who have sinned without the law will also perish without the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.

Welcome back to our study of the book of Romans.  In the first two chapters, Paul is showing that both Jews and Gentiles are sinful and thus under a curse which results in spiritual death.  They are in need of a way to be righteous before God.

He particularly dealt with the Greeks/Gentiles in chapter one.  Now in chapter two he is focusing on the Jews.  They labored under the false assumption that their national connection with God would exempt them from judgment, but Paul systematically tears that defense apart.  He shows that both Gentiles and Jews stand upon the exact same level in the judgment of God. 

In the first two chapters, Paul has a lot to say about the Gentiles who are ‘without the law’ and the Jews who are ‘under the law’.  Let’s look at an example that might make these distinctions clearer.

Suppose you went outside on a warm, clear summer night.  As you look up at the sky, you see a full moon and many stars.  You can see the shape of the moon, and you can see there are many shadows on the surface.  You might even think they look like a face or some other picture.  There are a large number of stars, but you can’t tell how many or what size they are.

Now let’s suppose you get a super powerful telescope and look at the moon again.  Now you can see things in greater detail.  You realize that what looked like shadows are actually changes in the terrain – mountains, valleys and craters.  You can also see signs of volcanic activity like old lava flows and bumpy ridges.  You can find specific mountain ranges that experts have identified, named and studied.  You can also see that the number of stars far exceeds the number you could see with just your eyes.  You can also see other heavenly bodies that you couldn’t see before.

In both scenarios, you are looking at the exact same moon and the exact same stars; they have not changed a single iota.  The difference is that the telescope reveals greater and more accurate details about the moon/stars that you couldn’t see otherwise. 

So it is with the law of nature/conscience and the Mosaic law.  

God revealed himself to the Gentiles through nature.  It was an imperfect view, but it was enough for them to know that God existed and that he had standards of right and wrong. 

The Jews, meanwhile, had an actual relationship with God.  In addition, he gave his law to them.  This provided them with a much greater and clearer understanding of him and his standards of righteousness and sin, just like the telescope provides the viewer with a greater understanding of the heavenly bodies. 

In chapters one and two, Paul makes it clear that both groups had a knowledge of God, which made them aware of the standards of God’s righteousness.  Both groups broke God’s laws.  Both groups are subject to the judgment of God, which will occur at the end of this age, on the Day of Judgment. 

God’s judgment of both groups will be completely fair and righteous, because he will judge them based on the amount of understanding they possessed:   

• He will judge the Jews according to the law, because they were in covenant with him and had his written word as well as intimate interactions with him. 
• He will judge the Gentiles according to the law of nature and the witness of their conscience, because that was the amount of spiritual light they had.    

Of course, we can add a third group to Paul’s discussion – those who have heard the gospel.

The gospel is the fullest revelation of God to mankind.  It involves God himself literally coming to earth in human form, in the person of Jesus Christ.  He came to destroy the works of the devil (I John 3:8), to give himself as a perfect sacrifice for our sin (I John 2:2), and to give us a greater revelation of the Father:

John 14:7 – If you had known me, you would have known my Father also.  From now on you do know him and have seen him.

John 10:30 – I and my Father are one.

Matthew 11:27 – All things have been handed over to me by my Father, and no one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.

As if that were not enough, Jesus has released his Holy Spirit on earth to guide us into all truth (John 16:13), to bear witness about Christ (John 15:26) and to assist us in our spiritual walk (John 14:26).

In the analogy we used earlier, we might say that those who live in the age of grace are like people who have access to pictures and information about the moon from the Hubble telescope or one of the many land rovers that are currently on the moon itself, sending back copious amounts of information to earth. 

We have access to the greatest and most profound level of knowledge about God that has ever been given.  Like those who came before us, we will be judged by the amount of light/knowledge we have. 

Romans 2:13 – For it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law who will be justified.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul is addressing the Jews in this verse.  His point is that reading or being familiar with the law does not make one holy.  Technically, one could be justified by the law IF (and it’s a big IF) a person could be in perfect obedience to the law in all instances, both outwardly (in their practice of the Mosaic rites) and in inwardly (by their thoughts and motivations). 

All of us are smart enough to know that this will never happen!  The only person who was able to do this was Jesus. 

Paul is building up to the conclusion that no one can be justified by the law, because no one can perfectly obey it.  People need another way to be righteous before God – we need a Savior.   

DIGGING DEEPER:  Hearers of the law:  The Jews were often referred to as ‘hearers’ of the law.  This may refer back to the times when the entire law was publicly read to the nation (Exodus 24:7, Joshua 8:34-35, II Kings 23:2, etc). 

This was done because in ancient times, people did not have their own personal copy of the law.  Public readings ensured that everyone would be aware of what the law required.  These readings were routinely scheduled to occur every seven years, during the Feast of Tabernacles/Booths (Deuteronomy 31:9-13).  They also occurred on special occasions, especially when the nation rededicated itself to the service of the Lord. 

During the time of Christ, the Jews were also considered hearers of the law because the law was read in the synagogue every sabbath day (Acts 15:21, Luke 4:16).  There can be no doubt whatsoever that the Jews heard the law.

The problem is that the Jews believed respect and knowledge of the law rendered them safe from judgment.  But they were wrong – increased knowledge of divine law actually increased their responsibility to righteously discharge their religious duties; to be justified by the law, they must be a ‘doer’ of it.

Doers of the law:  Righteousness by the law can only be obtained in the perfection of works; if righteousness is sought from the law, that law must be perfectly fulfilled.

A ‘doer’ of the law is a person who perfectly and entirely complies with the law’s demands, both external (by actions, works) and internal (thoughts, motivations). 

In other words, to be justified by the law in God’s sight, a person must comply with ALL the requirements of the law, at ALL times, and in ALL circumstances because justification requires perfect and perpetual obedience.  Even one failure would place you under the curse of death:

Galatians 3:10 – For all who rely on works of the law are under a curse; for it is written, “Cursed be everyone who does not abide by all things written in the Book of the Law, and do them.”

Now let’s use our common sense for a minute.  Do you know of anyone (other than Jesus) who has been perfectly obedient to both the internal and external requirements of the law for their entire lives?  Of course not!  Because of our fallen nature, we are incapable of fulfilling the law.

We can conclude that the law, which the Jews thought would be their salvation, was actually a curse – it would be the impossible standard by which they would be judged.  Like the Gentiles, the Jews need another path to find righteousness before God. 

Romans 2:14 – For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul just informed the Jews that if they were going to try and justify themselves by the law, they must perfectly keep all the requirements of the law at all times. 

In verses 14-15 he shows that the same principle applies to the Gentiles.  They had a limited knowledge of God through the law of nature and the witness of their consciences.  In order to be justified, they would need to perfectly obey the divine commands revealed to them by God.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Gentiles:  Paul is now speaking of the Gentiles.

Who do not have the law:  As you know, the Gentiles did not have the written commands of God as revealed in the law of Moses. 

By nature do what the law requires:  As we have mentioned in our previous posts, God revealed himself to the Gentiles through the law of nature and the witness of their consciences.  Practically speaking, this means:   

• There is a law of nature written by God in the hearts of all people, where the common notions of good and evil are understood. 
• The Gentiles had a sense of justice and equity, honor and purity, love and charity.   
• Practically speaking, they understood that it was wrong to murder, steal or lie.  They knew it was right to show mercy, to maintain public peace/order, obey their parents, etc.

The point is that even though these laws did not come to them in written form, they understood them in their hearts/minds.

They are a law to themselves:  This is obvious from the fact that every nation on earth forms some kind of laws for itself.  Once established, the society proceeds to punish those who break their laws and reward or view with favor those who keep them.  Clearly, they have some notion of justice implanted within their hearts which serves as the basis for these civil laws.

Furthermore, the internal law of nature creates a choice within the life off each Gentile – they can choose to do what is right and glorify God or they can choose to do what is wrong and embrace sin.

There is no doubt that at times, every Gentile did what was right.  Sometimes they exhibited moral honesty, generosity and mercy.  When they did what was right, their conscience gave them approval.    

But there were also times in the life of every Gentile when they chose the path of sin, at times giving themselves over to utter depravity.  When they did so, their conscience reproached/condemned them for their actions.

Think of it this way:  In Exodus 20:15 the written law says, “You shall not steal.”  A Jewish person might refrain from stealing based on this written command.  A Gentile, though knowing nothing of this command, may refrain from stealing based on his conscience.

Thus, we find that even without the written law, the Gentiles have a form of the law.

This puts the Gentiles are in the same situation as the Jews – if they wanted to be justified in the sight of God based on the laws of nature and conscience, they would have to exhibit complete righteousness in every outward action as well as every thought and motivation of their hearts.  Those who failed to do so even once find themselves under the wrath of God.  

Romans 2:15 – They show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness, and their conflicting thoughts accuse or even excuse them…

The work of the law:  The ‘work’ or the purpose of the law was to make a person see/understand their moral duty and put them under obligation to do it.  

Written on their hearts:  In the case of the Jews, the revealed law of God was written on tables of stone and then recorded in the books of the Old Testament.  In the case of the Gentiles, the same basic requirements were written internally in their hearts. 

The term ‘heart’ refers to the mind or the seat of reasoning as opposed to the seat of affections.  The Gentiles did not necessarily love or even approve of God’s laws, but nevertheless, they had a knowledge of it and that is the point. 

Conscience bearing witness:  The Gentiles could not deny the existence of this knowledge, because it was affirmed by their conscience in every decision they made, whether good or bad.

Romans 2:16 - …on that day when, according to my gospel, God judges the secrets of men by Christ Jesus.

On that day:  Just as a reminder, Paul is discoursing on the Day of Judgment, which occurs at the end of this age.  The Jews felt that they would be exempt from this judgment because of their national relationship to God and because they attempted to live by the Mosaic law.  By contrast, they were sure that the Gentiles would be judged harshly because they were ‘rank sinners’ who were not favored by God like they were. 

But bit by bit and truth upon truth Paul shows that both Jews and Gentiles are sinners who cannot be justified by the law – whether that be the law of Moses or the law of nature. 

According to my gospel:   Obviously, Paul is not the author of the gospel.  However, as an apostle, he was entrusted to preach the gospel message and one of the great truths contained in the gospel is that God will judge the world by Jesus Christ:

John 5:22 – The Father judges no one, but has given all judgment to the Son…

Paul can say it is his gospel in the sense that God’s judgment is part of the message he was entrusted to share with the world.  God is the author of the message and the authority behind the judgment; Paul is simply the messenger.

Paul may be using this phrase to distinguish his teaching on the subject from the teachings of other false teachers/apostles.

When God judges the secrets of men by Christ Jesus:  It is an indisputable fact that there will be a day of judgment. It is an indisputable fact that all men will face a judgment of some kind on that day.  It is also indisputable that on that day, the secret thoughts and hidden motivations of our hearts will be laid bare or brought to light; no amount of human denial will change this fact.  

Ecclesiastes 12:14 – For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.

(See also Matthew 10:26, I Corinthians 4:5).  Although God is the judge of the world, he will execute judgment by/through Christ, for he is appointed by the Father to be the judge of the living and the dead:

Acts 10:42 – And he [Jesus] commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one appointed by God to be judge of the living and the dead.

(See also John 5:22 & 27, Acts 17:31, II Timothy 4:1, I Peter 4:5, Matthew 25:31-46, etc).

Jesus is divine, sovereign, omnipotent and omniscient.  He is also our brother according to the flesh (Hebrews 2:10-18).  He is clearly qualified to be our judge.  Because Christ is the judge, judgment will be not only perfect, righteous and just, it will also be full and complete with everything being taken into account:  

• The thoughts, motivations and principles of a person constitute their true character.  In order to have a fair and impartial judgment, these must be known.  That is why only Christ is qualified to judge. 
• People are not judged or rewarded in this life because only Christ can discern and reveal his/her heart and that happens at the end of this age.  Since a person’s outward conduct is all that is visible in this life, that is all that can be rewarded or punished in this life by men.  
• In this world, people of pure motives are often marginalized, mocked and reproached.  Meanwhile, people with corrupt motives and wicked character are often celebrated and approved.  It is fitting that all be revealed and put in order at the coming of Christ.
• God is the God, Father, and Judge of all.  In one degree or another he has revealed himself to all and he expects proportionate obedience in return.  Consequently, Jesus will judge, and either reward or punish all the nations of the world under different dispensations, according to their degree of light/truth (Acts 10:34-35). 

This leads us to the inescapable conclusion that God will judge both Jews and Gentiles on the last day; the Jews will not receive a ‘free pass’ on judgement day.

Let me offer you some encouragement, relief and strength:

As we pointed out in today’s post, all those who live in the age of grace (including you and I) have access to the greatest and most profound level of knowledge/revelation about God that has ever been given.  Like those who came before us, we will be judged by the amount of truth/light we have.

I’m not saying this to scare you or to condemn you.  I’m calling it to your attention so you can properly steward what you have been given.  Take a minute and consider your own relationship to the word/revelation of God that you have been given:

We have unlimited access to the word of God.  The written word is available in nearly any format - you can have it in print, in an electronic version on your phone, in audible form, or even in video form.  It is accessible 24/7.  It comes in any language.  It is available in numerous easy-to-read translations. 

Do you and I take advantage of this knowledge, or are we taking it for granted? 

Must we force ourselves to read a small portion each week based upon our perceived duty, or do we read it daily with pleasure because it is a form of fellowship with God? 

Do we strive to understand what it says/reveals, or do we just hurriedly rush through the text to get finished? 

Are we exhibiting spiritual maturity by finding the promises contained in the word and standing upon them in faith?  Or are we still acting like immature children who continually rely on someone else to pray for us and seek victory on our behalf? 

When we hide the word in our hearts, it keeps us from sinning against God (Psalms 119:11).  When is the last time you memorized a scripture?

The scriptures were written by Holy Spirit (II Peter 1:16-21).  Since he is living and breathing, so is the word.  It imparts spiritual life to us when we read and study it.  Holy Spirit uses it to guide us into all truth and avoid false teaching.  Would you be able to identify a subtle false teaching if you heard it, or would you be fooled because you only have a vague knowledge of the word?

Are we open to other spiritual gifts that are promised in the word?

You may feel like today’s post isn’t very encouraging or strengthening, but I beg to differ.  True love and concern for another person’s spiritual welfare demands that we face the truth, even if it stings for a moment. 

It is far better for us to face a few minutes of uncomfortableness now, than to lose our opportunity to be good and faithful stewards in God’s kingdom.

So, I leave you with this final question: What are you doing with the light you have?

 

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Romans 2:6 – He will render to each one according to his works,

As we learned in our last post, the Jews were under the mistaken notion that only the Gentiles would be subject to judgment, while they would automatically be admitted to the kingdom of God because of their birthright and because they adhered to the Mosaic laws/ceremonies. 

The Jews may indeed have performed the prescribed Mosaic rites, but they often did so with their hearts full of sin:

Mark 7:6 – He [Jesus] answered and said unto them, “Well has Isaiah prophesied of you hypocrites [the Jews], as it is written, ‘This people honor me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.’”

Furthermore, the Jews pointed to their earthly prosperity as a sign that God was pleased with them.  However, they misinterpreted his blessings – one of the main purposes of God’s goodness and patience was to give them a chance to repent.

Paul goes on to say that God has a final Day of Judgment already scheduled.  On that day, God will call men into account for their lives.  Regardless of whether you are a Jew or a Gentile, God will render to each person according to the works they have done in this life.  Let’s examine this further.  

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Paul is about to make three important points in this verse.  One, God is the judge of all things and he is completely impartial and just in his rulings.  Two, he will judge every single person; no one gets a ‘free pass’ (Hebrews 9:27).  Three, people will be judged according to their works, not for their works.

DIGGING DEEPER:  He:  In this passage of scripture, Paul is speaking about the judgment which will occur at the end of the world.  On that day, God (he) will be the judge of all things:  

Daniel 7:9-10 – As I [Daniel] looked, thrones were placed, and the Ancient of Days took his seat; …a thousand thousands served him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him; the court sat in judgment, and the books were opened.

No one will be able to dispute his judgments because they are perfect, just and righteous:

Psalms 89:14 – Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne…

Will render:  There are many definitions for the word ‘render’.  In this case, it means ‘to deliver’ and it particularly refers to a verdict or a judgment.  Instead of ‘render’ we might also say ‘to hand down’, ‘to give’ or ‘to announce’.

God is going to issue a verdict or a judgment to every person according to their deeds/works.  This will happen at the end of the age, on the Day of Judgment.

To each one:  Scripture tells us that every person will be judged: 

Ecclesiastes 3:17 – I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the wicked, for there is a time for every matter and for every work.

Much to the consternation of the Jews, they are not going to get a ‘free pass’ into heaven just because they are the descendants of Abraham.   

Sadly, the Jews of Paul’s day won’t be the only surprised people on the Day of Judgment.  Even in this age there are people who believe they will get into heaven because their parents were Christians, or because they attended church each week or because they were good people who did good things in life. 

However, these people will be judged with the wicked, because these things can’t get you into heaven.  Make no mistake – admission to heaven is ONLY through faith in Jesus Christ as the Messiah.  There is no other way to receive eternal life:

John 20:31 – But these are written that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing you might have life through his name.

According to his works:  There can be no doubt that God judges people according to their works:

Matthew 16:27 - For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works.

(See also Psalms 62:12, Proverbs 24:12, Revelation 20:12, Jeremiah 32:19, II Corinthians 5:10, Galatians 6:7, etc). 

WARNING!  We must exercise great caution when interpreting this phrase.  On the surface, we might be tempted to think that if God judges people ‘according to their works’, then people who do good things will enter heaven, while people who do wicked things will go to hell.  That is a misinterpretation of scripture.  

All of us have sinned and come short of the glory of God.  All of us have done wicked, vile things in the eyes of God; all of us need to be justified in his sight.  As we mentioned in our prior posts, there is NO WAY man can justify himself, especially not by works!

Let me reiterate once again: There is only one way to be justified in the sight of God and receive entrance into his kingdom – by the shed blood of Christ:

Titus 3:5-7 - …he [God] saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy, by the washing of regeneration and renewal of the Holy Spirit, whom he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, so that being justified by his grace we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

I John 1:7 – But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanses us from all sin.

John 14:6 – Jesus said unto him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man comes unto the Father, but by me.”

Clearly, each person will find themselves in heaven or hell based upon what they have done with the sacrifice of Christ. 

Since this is the case, what does Paul mean when he says that God renders a verdict to each man according to his works?

To being with, let’s define works.  Works include more than just outward actions.  They also include the thoughts of the mind/imagination, the motivations of the heart, and the principles by which we live.

These ‘works’ determine the degree and/or amount of punishment/reward a person receives in eternity. 

In other words, the degree or amount of punishment the wicked receive will be based on their works in this life.  Likewise, the degree or amount of reward the righteous receive is based on their works while on earth.  This is what Paul means when he declares that God will render to every man according to his works.

With this in mind, let’s dig a little deeper into the Day of Judgment.

Unrepentant sinners (those who have rejected Christ as Savior) will be judged at the Great White Throne judgment.  In this setting, they will be found guilty of sin with no way to pay their debt.  God’s righteous verdict will be a sentence of eternal death (Revelation 20:11-15).  This sentence will be served in Gehenna (aka hades or hell). 

Christians will not be judged at the Great White Throne.  They will be judged at what is known as the Bema seat or the judgment seat of Christ (Romans 14:10, II Corinthians 5:10), where their stewardship in the kingdom will be examined.  God will issue a verdict that determines the level of reward (if any) for this stewardship (I Corinthians 3:12-15).  

Romans 2:7 - …to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, he will give eternal life;  

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Those who live out their salvation/faith in God by continuously doing what is right and good despite the difficulties of this life, will receive eternal life from God.  

DIGGING DEEPER:  Patience in well-doing:  Paul is referring to the manner in which righteous people live their lives.  Specifically, the righteous conform their conduct to the laws and commands of God.  Again, this does not refer exclusively to outward actions.  It also includes the thoughts of our minds/imaginations, the motivations of our hearts, and the principles on which we base our decisions.

Jesus makes reference to this in the parable of the sower: 

Luke 8:15 – As for that in the good soil, they are those who, hearing the word, hold it fast in an honest and good heart, and bear fruit with patience.

The underlying principle is that we must persevere in a life of holiness based on the word of God, not on the accepted practices of the world.  We must not give up or be weary in well doing (Galatians 6:9).  We must stand firm in righteousness, despite the trials which we encounter in this life.     

Speaking of trials, don’t forget that Satan has no intention of standing idly by as we commit ourselves to God and a life of holiness.  As soon as he is aware of our commitment, he will do everything in his power to impede our progress or turn us aside from the narrow path. 

The good news is that Jesus has already defeated him!  When we persevere/remain standfast in righteousness, we will receive the reward of eternal life.  

Matthew 10:22 - …you will be hated by all for my [Jesus] name’s sake.  But the one who endures to the end will be saved.

(See also Matthew 24:13, Hebrews 10:36-39.)

To them:  Clearly, ‘them’ can only be individuals who live holy lives and receive eternal life from God - Christians. 

• This cannot refer to the Gentile nations collectively, because they sought after worldly things and human wisdom; they did not seek God at all. 
• It cannot refer to the Jewish nation as a whole, because they sought after righteousness through works of the law and glory from men. 
• It cannot refer to any unbelieving people because they seek only their own pleasures. 

Glory and honor – Paul is not speaking of the glory and honor of this world or the applause of men.  He is talking about the glory of God.  The righteous seek to glorify and honor God in all they do; they desire to reflect the grace and righteousness of Christ in this life.  Those who do so will receive and enjoy eternal glory and honor with Christ in heaven at the end of this age.

Immortality – The meaning of this Greek word is ‘that which is not corruptible or subject to decay’.  It alludes to the resurrection of the body, which occurs when Christ returns to earth at the conclusion of this age (I Thessalonians 4:13-18). 

This is in contrast to the death and decay of this world, where everything is corruptible, subject to death, and which soon vanishes away.  

Seek:  To seek is to strive for or to search for.  It reflects an earnest/intense desire to obtain something or to find that which is lost.  Specifically, it describes those who forsake their sins, submit to God and live in obedience to his laws.  In other words, those who honestly seek for eternal life through Christ, shall find it. 

Eternal life:  Eternal life is a pure gift of grace which Christ bestows upon those who trust in him, believe in him, show patient continuance in well doing and who seek the glory and honor of God.    

Romans 2:8 - …but for those who are self-seeking and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, there will be wrath and fury.

GENERAL SUMMARY:  Those who live in active disobedience to God’s commands will be subject to his vengeance.

DIGGING DEEPER:  Self-seeking/contentious:  This describes people who are quarrelsome or given to angry debate.  It includes any person who disputes the truth or obstinately resists God’s divine will.  These people reject the clear righteous truth of God and instead hold on to their own ideas of righteousness.  In essence, they are rebellious; they are fighting against God himself.

The Jews have a history of being rebellious in this way:

Isaiah 1:2 – Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth; for the Lord has spoken: “Children have I reared and brought up, but they have rebelled against me.”

(See also Deuteronomy 9:7, 31:27, Isaiah 30:9, Jeremiah 5:23, Ezekiel 2:3-5.)

This rebelliousness led the Jews to be disobedient to God’s commands (Joshua 5:6, Judges 2:2, II Kings 18:12, Jeremiah 3:13, etc), another one of their besetting sins.      

Keep in mind that Paul is addressing the Jews.  Now ask yourself this question:  What self-seeking truth did they reject, oppose or debate?

Answer – The admittance of the Gentiles into the family of God. 

Despite the testimony of Jesus, the work of Holy Spirit and the teaching of the apostles, many Jews did not want to believe that the Gentiles could be children of God, unless they first became Jewish proselytes.  If Gentiles could become children of God simply by faith in Christ (without the practice of the Mosaic law), then first covenant (the law) was no longer in effect.  Their special status as the exclusive people of God was no longer applicable; they were not any ‘better’ than the Gentile sinners which they had long despised.

They resisted the Gentiles when they should have been joyfully welcoming them with open arms as brothers and sisters in Christ (Ephesians 2:11-22).

Do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness:  Those who reject the truth essentially give themselves to iniquity, and by so doing they become servants of sin.  They act under the influence of Satan/sin instead of under the influence of Holy Spirit/righteousness.

Wrath and fury/indignation:  This is the end result for those who are contentious – they experience God’s displeasure.  There is very little difference between wrath and fury/indignation.  Some scholars say that wrath is a long-continued remembrance of evil, while fury/indignation is temporary or of a short duration.  Others say that fury/indignation denotes an internal emotion, and wrath is the external manifestation that fury. 

In either case, God will punish those who dispute against the truth and cling to sin.   

Romans 2:9 – There will be tribulation and distress for every human being who does evil, the Jew first and also the Greek,

Tribulation and distress (aka the eternal torments of hell) are defined as misery of all types and descriptions from which there is no escape.  God, the righteous judge, will inflict these punishments upon every sinner who ultimately rejects him.  However, he will first punish the Jews and only then the Greeks/Gentiles.  Why is that?

The Jews are first because they possessed greater spiritual knowledge and privileges.  By default, they despised greater levels of mercy when they rejected God. 

Even though the Gentiles had a lesser degree of light/understanding, they too sinned against God and their punishment will be directly proportionate to their sin (Luke 12:47-48).

Notice that Paul makes one thing very clear here:  Under the gospel, there was no longer a distinction between Jews and Gentiles; all who sin against God will suffer his wrath, while all who trust in him will be saved regardless of their national identity.  

Romans 2:10 - …but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, the Jew first and also the Greek.

Clearly, those who resist God will experience the fullest effects of his righteous indignation, whether they are Jews or Gentiles.  Just as clearly, those who consciencely and purposely live lives of obedience to the known will of God will be blessed with glory, honor and peace (the eternal blessings of heaven) whether they are Jews or Gentiles.   

Again, let me point out that scripture does not say you can earn your way into heaven by works.  Salvation is only obtained through faith in Jesus; those who trust in him as Savior are those who love him and gladly obey his commands:  

John 14:21 – He that has my commandments, and keeps them, he it is that loves me…

Romans 2:11 – For God shows no partiality.

In this passage of scripture, Paul has been demonstrating the perfection of God’s divine government and the utter absence of any partiality/favoritism.  His purpose was to show the Jews that their heritage as children of Abraham would avail them nothing in God’s sight, if moral and spiritual principles were ignored. 

What God regards is purity of heart and inward integrity; he has no respect for those things which men highly value like wealth, prestige or national heritage.

The Gentiles wanted to think they would be excused from judgment/punishment on the basis of ignorance.  The Jews wanted to think they would be excused from judgment/punishment on the basis of having the law and being descendants of Abraham.  But Paul proves that all men, both Jews and Gentiles, are guilty in the sight of God and deserving of eternal death. 

Colossians 3:25 – For the wrongdoer will be paid back for the wrong he has done, and there is no partiality.

Let me offer you some encouragement, some relief and some strength:

On the Day of Judgment, it won’t matter who your parents were, what nationality you were, or how much money you gave to the poor.  Your age, your gender, your race, your level of education and your income are all meaningless. 

The only thing that will matter is whether or not you are righteous because you have been saved by grace, or whether you are wicked because you rebelled against God.

So which category are you in?  Have you made Jesus Christ the Lord of your life?  Have you surrendered your will to him, embracing the truth of his gospel and obeying his commands?  If you have, then you have reason to rejoice – God will grant you eternal life.

If not, you have reason to fear, because you will experience the wrath and vengeance of a very angry God on the Day of Judgment. 

The good news is that you can become a child of God today. 

Why not bow your head right now and talk to Jesus?  Just speak to him as if he were right there beside you – confess your sins to him, ask him to cleanse you by his blood and dedicate yourself to his service. 

Regardless of who you are or what you’ve done in the past, Jesus will hear and honor your prayer.  He will send Holy Spirit to dwell in your heart and seal you until the day of redemption, when you will be with him in heaven.  Hallelujah!